Insignia by House

Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah

• throneassumed · 1347Ferishta records the astrologers fixing an auspicious moment for Zuffur Khan's inauguration; the crown was placed on his head and he took the regnal name Ala-ud-din Hasan, founding the Bahmani line.the crown was placed on the head of Zuffur Khan, and a black canopy, the colour (vol. II, p. 290)
• canopyassumed · 1347Ferishta states a black canopy was raised for Zuffur Khan at the same coronation; the sentence explaining the colour's significance runs onto the next printed page, not held in this facsimile set. The verifier notes the sentence is cut at the page foot; the raising of the canopy is on p. 291, not held here.the crown was placed on the head of Zuffur Khan, and a black canopy, the colour (vol. II, p. 290)

Mujahid Shah

• throneinheritedFerishta opens Mujahid's reign stating he succeeded his father directly to the Deccan throne.Mujahid, the son of Mahomed Shah, by the daughter of Mullik Seif-ood-Deen Ghoory, succeeded his father on the throne of the Deccan. (vol. II, p. 328)

Daud Shah

• throneassumed · 1378Ferishta records that Dawood Khan, having murdered his nephew Mujahid Shah, required the nobility to acknowledge him as sovereign that same day, on the strength of being heir presumptive.on the same day required the nobility and officers present to acknowledge him as sovereign. He was, in fact, heir presumptive to the crown, Mujahid Shah having no children. The nobles assented reluctantly (vol. II, p. 341)

Mahmud Shah I

• thronegranted by the Princess Roohpurwur AghaFerishta states Roohpurwur Agha, having shut the palace gates against the assassin's son, herself proclaimed Mahmood heir to the throne.she proclaimed Mahmood, the youngest son of Alla-ood-Deen Shah, heir to the throne. (vol. II, p. 345)

Ghiyath al-Din Bahmani

• throneinheritedFerishta opens the reign by stating Gheias-ood-Deen ascended his father's throne at seventeen.his eldest son, Gheias-ood-Deen, ascended the throne in his seventeenth year. (vol. II, p. 353)

Shams al-Din Bahmani

• thronegranted by Lallcheen (regent-minister who had blinded and deposed Gheias-ood-Deen)Ferishta records Lallcheen elevating Shums-ood-Deen to the throne after blinding his brother, with the new king content merely to bear the name of sovereign.Shums-ood-Deen ascended the throne in his fifteenth year, and, intimidated by the fate of his predecessor, was content with the mere name of king. (vol. II, p. 356)

Firuz Shah Bahmani

• throneassumedFerishta describes Feroze Khan mounting the Tukht-i-Feroza in the hall of audience, an act he says fulfilled a prior Kashmiri prediction.himself, accompanied by the nobility, repaired to the hall of audience, and ascended the Tukht-i-Feroza, thus fulfilling the prediction of the Kashmeerain; and having assumed the title of Feroze Shah Roze Afzoon, begirt himself with the sword of Alla-ood-Deen Hussun Gungoo. (vol. II, p. 361)
• titleassumedFerishta records Feroze Khan taking the regnal title 'Feroze Shah Roze Afzoon' at his enthronement.having assumed the title of Feroze Shah Roze Afzoon, begirt himself with the sword of Alla-ood-Deen Hussun Gungoo. (vol. II, p. 361)

Ahmad Shah I Wali

• throneassumed · 1422Ferishta dates Khan Khanan's ascent of the throne Feroza (succeeding his brother Feroze Shah) to 5 Shuval A.H. 825 / 15 Sept. A.D. 1422.Khan Khanan, on the same day, being the 5th of Shuval, A. H. 825, put on the royal tiara, first assumed by his brother, and ascending the throne Feroza, caused himself to be styled Ahmud Shah Bahmuny, commanding coins to be struck, and the Khootba to be read, in his name. (vol. II, p. 396)
• titleassumed · 1422Ferishta records Khan Khanan taking the regnal name Ahmud Shah Bahmuny on the same day he ascended the throne.caused himself to be styled Ahmud Shah Bahmuny, commanding coins to be struck, and the Khootba to be read, in his name. (vol. II, p. 396)
• coinassumed · 1422Ferishta states Ahmud Shah Bahmuny ordered coin struck in his own name at his accession.commanding coins to be struck, and the Khootba to be read, in his name. (vol. II, p. 396)
• khutbaassumed · 1422Ferishta states the Friday khutba was ordered read in Ahmud Shah Bahmuny's name at his accession.commanding coins to be struck, and the Khootba to be read, in his name. (vol. II, p. 396)

Ala al-Din Ahmad II

• throneinheritedFerishta opens the reign stating Alla-ood-Deen Shah ascended the throne at Ahmudabad Bidur under his father's testamentary settlement.Alla-ood-Deen Shah ascended the throne at Ahmudabad Bidur, agreeably to the will of his father. (vol. II, p. 421)

Humayun Shah Bahmani

• throneassumedFerishta describes Hoomayoon fighting off a plot on his own palace, seizing his panic-struck brother from the throne and mounting it himself, and being acknowledged king without further opposition.seized his brother, who sat panic-struck and trembling upon the throne. Hoomayoon instantly ascending it in his stead, was acknowledged King without further opposition. (vol. II, p. 453)

Nizam Shah Bahmani

• throneinheritedFerishta opens the reign stating Nizam Shah succeeded to the Deccan throne on his father's death, with the Queen-mother as regent.his son Nizam Shah succeeded to the throne of the Deccan, the Queen-mother acted as regent. (vol. II, p. 465)

Muhammad Shah III

• throneinheritedFerishta opens the reign stating Mahomed Shah (Ferishta's 'Bahmuny II') ascended the throne of the Deccan in his ninth year.Mahomed Shah ascended the throne of the Deccan in his ninth year; and the affairs of government were conducted as in the reign of his late brother, by Khwaja Jehan and Khwaja Mahmood Gawan, under the direction of the Queen-mother. (vol. II, p. 477)

Mahmud Shah Bahmani

• throneassumedFerishta describes officers taking oaths of allegiance and the Tukht Feroza (the Bahmani throne) set up in the hall of audience for Mahmood Shah II's coronation.the coronation was conducted with much ceremony. The Tukht Feroza was placed in the grand hall of audience, and on each side (vol. II, p. 519)

Ahmad Shah III Bahmani

• thronegranted by Ameer BereedFerishta states the minister Ameer Bereed, fearing to assume open independence himself, placed Prince Ahmud on the throne as a figurehead pensioner.placed the Prince Ahmud, son of Mahmood Shah, upon the throne, leaving him the palace, with the use of the royal jewels and a daily allowance of money for his support (vol. II, p. 553)

Ala al-Din Shah Bahmani

• thronegranted by Ameer BereedFerishta states Ameer Bereed, declining the crown himself, chose to place it on Alla-ood-Deen II's head from among the Bahmuny family.he deemed it prudent to place the crown on the head of one of the Bahmuny family; accordingly Alla-ood-Deen the Second was selected for that purpose. (vol. II, p. 555)
• thronewithdrawnFerishta records Alla-ood-Deen II's deposition and confinement following the failure of his plot to seize the minister; he was murdered shortly after.The King was deposed, after a short reign of two years and three months, and placed in confinement, in which situation he was shortly after murdered. (vol. II, p. 556)

Wali Allah Bahmani

• thronegranted by Ameer BereedFerishta states Ameer Bereed raised Wully Oolla, another son of Mahmood Shah II, to the throne as a further figurehead.Ameer Bereed raised Wully Oolla, another son of Mahmood Shah Bahmuny II., to the throne. (vol. II, p. 557)

Kalim Allah Bahmani

• titlegrantedFerishta states Kulleem Oolla 'was styled King' but, unusually for this dynasty's late succession pattern, does not name the granting minister on this page; he is described as never permitted to leave the palace, king in name only.Kulleem Oolla Shah, the son of Ahmud Shah by the daughter of Yoosoof Adil Shah, was styled King. Kulleem Oolla enjoyed nothing but the name of sovereign, and was never permitted to quit the palace. (vol. II, p. 558)

Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk

• titlegranted by the Bahmani court, through the influence of Khwaja Mahmood GawanFerishta reports that the future dynasty-founder, then a slave-soldier risen through the bodyguard of Khan Jehan, was given the title Imad-ool-Moolk (Imad-ul-Mulk) through Khwaja Mahmood Gawan's influence and made commander of the forces in Berar — the title, not yet royal, that the house's name derives from.med Shah Bahmuny, through the influence of Khwaja Mahmood Gawan, he received the title of Imad-ool-Moolk, and was subsequently raised to the office of commander of the forces in Berar. (vol. III, p. 486)

Ala-ud-Din Imad Shah

• titleassumedFerishta states that on his father's death Alla-ood-Deen, 'following the example of other chiefs of the house of Bahmuny,' declared himself King under the regnal title Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah and fixed his royal seat at Gavul — the passage the dynasty's kingly title (as opposed to the earlier noble title Imad-ool-Moolk) is first asserted on the page.On the death of Futteh Oolla, his eldest son, Alla-ood-Deen, succeeded to the government ; and following the example of other chiefs of the house of Bahmuny, declared himself King, under the title of Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah ; and established his royal residence at Gavul. (vol. III, p. 487)
• khutbagranted by Alla-ood-Deen Imad Shah, granting it to Bahadur Shah of Guzerat · 1527Ferishta reports that once Alla-ood-Deen realised Bahadur Shah of Guzerat's march on the Deccan was self-interested rather than purely as an ally, he pre-empted the danger by having the khutba (public worship) read in Bahadur Shah's name at Gavul and formally presenting him with sovereignty over the country — a khutba read to install a stronger neighbour as nominal suzerain rather than one taken for the subject's own kingship.but Alla-ood-Deen soon discovered the real intentions of the King of Guzerat ; and having read the public worship in that monarch's name at Gavul, presented him with the sovereignty of the country, at the same time that his ally, Meeran Mahomed Khan of Kandeish, pressed the Guzerat monarch to march on direct to Ahmudnuggur, and compel the submission of the house of Nizam Shah. (vol. III, p. 489)

Tufal Khan

• titleassumedFerishta says the regent Toofal Khan Deccany, having gained the support of Kandeish and the Nizam Shahy court, imprisoned his ward the child-king Boorhan Imad Shah in irons at Narnala and himself assumed the royal title, completing the usurpation of the Imad Shahi throne.He eventually confined his sovereign in irons in the fort of Narnala, and assumed the title of King. (vol. III, p. 491)

Yusuf Adil Shah

• khutbaassumed · 1489Ferishta states that on declaring independence at Beejapoor, Yoosoof Adil Khan had the Khootba read in his own name, citing the Quranic verse on conquest as his warrant.caused the Khootba to be read in his name, and assumed the canopy of royalty, at which time the foreigners unanimously acknowledged him King. (vol. III, p. 9)
• canopyassumed · 1489Ferishta pairs the canopy with the khutba as the two acts by which Yoosoof Adil Khan's foreign officers recognised him as an independent king.caused the Khootba to be read in his name, and assumed the canopy of royalty, at which time the foreigners unanimously acknowledged him King. (vol. III, p. 9)

Ibrahim Adil Shah I

• thronegranted by Yoosoof Khan Toork, acting for the King's grandmother (the dowager-queen) who had him depose Mulloo Adil ShahFerishta states Ibrahim was seated on the throne immediately after his elder brother Mulloo was blinded, with the nobles and people acclaiming him.The Prince Ibrahim was immediately after seated on the throne, amid the acclamations of the nobles and the people. (vol. III, p. 77)
• khutbawithdrawnFerishta states Ibrahim reversed his father Yoosoof's Shia khutba on his accession, dropping the Imams' names and restoring Sunni public prayer.IBRAHIM ADIL SHAH, on his accession to the throne, having rejected the names of the Imams from the Khootba, restored the exercise of the Soony rites (vol. III, p. 78)

Ali Adil Shah I

• throneassumedFerishta describes Ally Adil Shah's formal enthronement in the garden of Kishwar Khan on his approach to the capital, with the court laying his father's regal insignia at his feet.on arriving within two miles of the city Ally Adil Shah ascended the throne in the garden of Kishwar Khan. (vol. III, p. 116)

Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I

• khutbaassumedFerishta states that, advised by Yoosoof Adil Shah of Beejapoor, Ahmud Nizam Shah dropped the Bahmuny kings' names from the public prayers and substituted his own.By the advice of Yoosoof Adil Shah of Beejapoor, he soon discontinued the names of the Bahmuny kings in the public prayers, for which he substituted his own, and assumed the white canopy (vol. III, p. 198)
• canopyassumedFerishta records that Ahmud Nizam Shah assumed a white canopy of royalty in the same act by which he substituted his own name for the Bahmuny kings' in public prayer.By the advice of Yoosoof Adil Shah of Beejapoor, he soon discontinued the names of the Bahmuny kings in the public prayers, for which he substituted his own, and assumed the white canopy (vol. III, p. 198)
• khutbawithdrawnFerishta says Ahmud Nizam Shah backed down under protest from Khwaja Jehan and his own officers and had his name struck from the public prayers again, while publicly insisting his canopy was only sunshade, not a royal claim.Khwaja Jehan and some of his own officers remonstrating with him, he commanded his name to be discontinued in the public prayers; and to save appearances declared, that he used the canopy to screen him from the sun, and not to affect royalty. (vol. III, p. 198)
• khutbaassumed by his own officers, who insisted he re-assume the regaliaFerishta records that Ahmud Nizam Shah's officers later pressed him to have his name read again in the Khootba, and that he agreed, framing it as done only at their request.The officers of Ahmud Nizam Shah's government, however, shortly afterwards insisted on his re-assuming the regalia, by having his name read in the Khootba or public prayer, to which he assented, declaring it was only at their particular request. (vol. III, p. 198)

Burhan Nizam Shah I

• throneassumed · 1508Ferishta records the seven-year-old Boorhan Nizam Shah's formal enthronement at Ahmudnuggur on his father's death.Boorhan Nizam Shah ascended the throne of his father at Ahmudnuggur, in the seventh year of his age. (vol. III, p. 211)
• khutbawithdrawn by Bahadur Shah of GuzeratThe chapter's own printed synopsis states that after his confederates withdrew, Boorhan Nizam Shah was forced to read the Khootba in the name of Bahadur Shah of Guzerat, ceding his own khutba to the stronger king.The confederates retire to their own capitals, Boorhan Nizam Shah is constrained to read the Khootba in the name of Bahadur Shah of Guzerat. (vol. III, p. 211)
• tomb-riteassumedFerishta records that Boorhan Nizam Shah I's body was embalmed and sent for burial at Kurbela beside Hussun, son of Ally, following the dynasty's practice of dispatching royal bodies there.His body was embalmed, and sent to Kurbela, where he was entombed near the burial-place of Hussun, the son of Ally, and the grandson of the Prophet. (vol. III, p. 236)

Husain Nizam Shah I

• throneinheritedFerishta records Hoossein Nizam Shah's succession to the throne at thirteen, immediately followed by his brother Abdool Kadur's flight and a factional split among the nobles.HOOSSEIN NIZAM SHAH succeeded his father in the thirteenth year of his age. (vol. III, p. 237)

Murtaza Nizam Shah I

• tomb-riteassumed · 1567Ferishta records that after Moortuza Nizam Shah was murdered by his own son, his bones were later dug up and carried to Kurbela to rest beside his father and grandfather.The deceased King was buried with due ceremony in the Roza garden; but his bones were afterwards taken up and conveyed to Kurbela, where they were deposited near those of his father and grandfather. (vol. III, p. 269)

Miran Husain Nizam Shah

• throneinherited · 1567Ferishta opens the reign by stating Meeran Hoossein's accession to the Ahmudnuggur throne and his immediately tyrannical conduct.MEERAN HOOSSEIN NIZAM SHAH, on his accession to the throne of Ahmudnuggur, being of an impetuous and cruel disposition, began his reign by tyranny and oppression. (vol. III, p. 270)

Ismail Nizam Shah

• thronegranted by Mirza Khan, the minister, who staged the deposal and installed himFerishta records that the minister Mirza Khan summoned the nobility into the fort and there declared Meeran Hoossein deposed and Ismael Nizam Shah enthroned in his place.the minister summoning several of the principal nobility into the fort, declared to them the deposal of Meeran Hoossein, and the accession of Ismael Nizam Shah (the younger brother), then only in his twelfth year. (vol. III, p. 272)

Burhan Nizam Shah II

• throneassumedFerishta notes Boorhan Nizam Shah II was already advanced in years when he finally took the throne, and immediately gave himself up to pleasures unbecoming his age and dignity.Boorhan Nizam Shah was advanced in years when he ascended the throne, notwithstanding which, he gave himself up to pleasures unbecoming both his age and his dignity. (vol. III, p. 283)

Ibrahim Nizam Shah

• throneinherited · 1594Ferishta records Ibrahim Nizam Shah's succession to the throne on his father's death, and his fulfilment of his father's dying request to retain Meean Munjoo Deccany as prime minister.After the death of his father, Ibrahim Nizam Shah succeeded to the throne, and in conformity with his dying request, he appointed his father's tutor, Meean Munjoo Deccany, to be his prime minister. (vol. III, p. 288)

Ahmad Nizam Shah II, son of Shah Tahir

• thronegranted by Meean Munjoo Deccany and the chiefs of Ahmudnuggur, who sent a deputation to fetch and crown him · 1594Ferishta reports this Ahmud's coronation as a plain fact, but the same chapter later says his claimed descent from the Nizam Shahy family was discovered to be unfounded, so the legitimacy of the act itself is disputed by the author.a formal deputation was sent there with great pomp, to bring Ahmud the son of Shah Tahir, who was crowned on the 10th of Zeehuj, A. H. 1003, and the Khootba read in the name of the twelve Imams. (vol. III, p. 293)
• khutbaassumed · 1594Ferishta records the Khootba read in the name of the twelve Imams at Ahmud's coronation, but the same chapter later discloses his royal descent was found to be unfounded, casting doubt on the propriety of the act.a formal deputation was sent there with great pomp, to bring Ahmud the son of Shah Tahir, who was crowned on the 10th of Zeehuj, A. H. 1003, and the Khootba read in the name of the twelve Imams. (vol. III, p. 293)

Bahadur Nizam Shah

• thronegranted by Chand Beeby (Chand Bibi), his great-aunt, who had him released from confinement in Chawund and proclaimedFerishta records that after his release from imprisonment at Chawund, the infant Bahadur was publicly proclaimed King of Ahmudnuggur under Chand Beeby's regency.imprisonment in Chawund, he was publickly proclaimed King of Ahmudnuggur, when she appointed her friend and adviser, Mahomed Khan, to the office of peshwa. (vol. III, p. 306)

Qasim Barid I

• khutbaassumedFerishta states that after usurping the forts of Owsa, Kand'har and Oodgeer on the advice of the Adil Shah, Nizam Shah and Imad Shah, and leaving his nominal Bahmani sovereign only the town and fort of Bidur, Kasim Bereed 'read the public prayers... in his own name' — the khutba transferred from the Bahmani sultan to himself while he remained nominally a vassal.and by the advice of Adil Shah, Nizam Shah, and Imad Shah, he usurped the forts of Owsa, Kand'har, and Oodgeer; and leaving to his king only the town and fort of Ahmudabad Bidur, read the public prayers, and coined money, in his own name. (vol. III, p. 496)
• coinassumedThe same sentence records that Kasim Bereed 'coined money... in his own name' after reducing his sovereign to the town and fort of Bidur alone — striking coin in his own name alongside the khutba change, per Ferishta.and by the advice of Adil Shah, Nizam Shah, and Imad Shah, he usurped the forts of Owsa, Kand'har, and Oodgeer; and leaving to his king only the town and fort of Ahmudabad Bidur, read the public prayers, and coined money, in his own name. (vol. III, p. 496)

Amir Barid I

• tomb-ritegranted by his brother Khwaja Jehan (not among the entity slugs for this house) · 1549Ferishta records that Ameer Bereed died suddenly at Dowlutabad while marching to aid Boorhan Nizam Shah; his brother Khwaja Jehan had his body carried to Ahmudabad Bidur and buried there — securing him burial in the dynastic capital rather than where he died.His body was brought to Ahmudabad Bidur by his brother Khwaja Jehan, and he was buried in that city. (vol. III, p. 497)

Ali Barid Shah

• titleassumedFerishta names Ally Bereed Shah as 'the first of the dynasty who adopted the style of Shah or King,' explicitly contrasting him with his grandfather Kasim Bereed, who 'assumed regalia' but stopped short of the royal title — marking the title's assumption as this ruler's own, distinct act.This person is the first of the dynasty who adopted the style of Shah or King; for though his grandfather Kasim Bereed assumed regalia, he did not take the royal title. (vol. III, p. 497)

Amir Barid Shah II

• throneassumedFerishta states that Ameer Bereed, a relation of the child-king Mirza Ally Bereed, usurped the kingdom and expelled him to Bhagnuggur, 'after which he ascended the throne, under the title of Ameer Bereed' — the seating act by which he took power, per Ferishta's account.after which he ascended the throne, under the title of Ameer Bereed. (vol. III, p. 499)

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah

• titleassumedFerishta states that on succeeding his father, Mahomed Koolly assumed the dynastic title Kootb Shah as his own royal style.Ibrahim was succeeded by his third son, Mahomed Koolly, who assumed the family title of Kootb Shah. (vol. III, p. 447)

Qutb-ud-din Aibak

• thronegranted by Mahmood, nephew of Muizz-ud-din Muhammad Ghori, who assumed the royal title at Ghor on his uncle's assassination · 1205Ferishta (via Briggs) says Mahmood, on assuming the royal title at Ghor after his uncle Muizz-ud-din's assassination, sent Aibak the full insignia of royalty to secure his loyalty, being unable to oppose him if he refused allegiance.Mahmood, his nephew, assumed the royal titles at Ghoor, and, on his accession, sent all the insignia of royalty, a throne, a canopy, standards, drums, and the title of King, to Kootb-ood-Deen Eibuk, desirous of securing his interest, and being by no means able to oppose his power, if he refused to acknowledge him. (vol. I, p. 198)
• canopygranted by Mahmood, nephew of Muizz-ud-din Muhammad Ghori, who assumed the royal title at Ghor on his uncle's assassination · 1205Ferishta lists a canopy among the insignia of royalty Mahmood sent to Aibak to secure his interest as the new King of Ghor's most powerful subordinate.sent all the insignia of royalty, a throne, a canopy, standards, drums, and the title of King, to Kootb-ood-Deen Eibuk (vol. I, p. 198)
• standardgranted by Mahmood, nephew of Muizz-ud-din Muhammad Ghori, who assumed the royal title at Ghor on his uncle's assassination · 1205Ferishta lists standards among the insignia of royalty Mahmood sent to Aibak, an act read as securing Aibak's formal allegiance as King's deputy in India.sent all the insignia of royalty, a throne, a canopy, standards, drums, and the title of King, to Kootb-ood-Deen Eibuk (vol. I, p. 198)
• drumgranted by Mahmood, nephew of Muizz-ud-din Muhammad Ghori, who assumed the royal title at Ghor on his uncle's assassination · 1205Ferishta lists drums (naubat) among the insignia of royalty Mahmood sent to Aibak, part of the full royal regalia package.sent all the insignia of royalty, a throne, a canopy, standards, drums, and the title of King, to Kootb-ood-Deen Eibuk (vol. I, p. 198)
• titlegranted by Mahmood, nephew of Muizz-ud-din Muhammad Ghori, who assumed the royal title at Ghor on his uncle's assassination · 1205Ferishta says Mahmood sent Aibak the title of King along with the rest of the royal insignia, which Aibak received 'with becoming respect' at Lahore.sent all the insignia of royalty, a throne, a canopy, standards, drums, and the title of King, to Kootb-ood-Deen Eibuk, desirous of securing his interest (vol. I, p. 198)
• throneassumed · 1205Ferishta says Aibak, having received the insignia sent from Ghor, formally ascended the throne at Lahore on this date, returning to Dehly a few days later.Kootb-ood-Deen Eibuk received these marks of favour with becoming respect at Lahore, where he ascended the throne on the 18th of Zeekad, A.H. 602. He returned from thence in a few days to Dehly. (vol. I, p. 198)

Aram Shah

• throneassumed · 1210Ferishta says Aram, Aibak's son, ascended the throne of Dehly on his father's death, though 'ill adapted to govern such an empire' — the page's own framing of his unfitness for the sign he held.After the death of Kootb-ood-Deen, his son Aram ascended the throne of Dehly, though he was ill adapted to govern such an empire. (vol. I, p. 203)

Shams-ud-din Iltutmish

• throneassumed · 1210Ferishta says Altmish (Iltutmish) advanced against Dehly, expelled Aram from the throne, and took it for himself, ending Aram's brief reign of scarcely one year (per p. 204).upon the death of Eibuk, as we have before related, he advanced against the capital, expelled Aram from the throne in the year 607, and declared himself King with the title of Shums-ood- (vol. I, p. 206)
• titleassumed · 1210Ferishta says Altmish declared himself King with the title of Shums-ood-Deen upon expelling Aram from the throne (sentence continues onto a page not in this batch, so the printed title-word itself is not confirmed here, only the act of declaring himself King).expelled Aram from the throne in the year 607, and declared himself King with the title of Shums-ood- (vol. I, p. 206)

Rukn-ud-din Firuz

• throneassumed · 1236Ferishta says Rookn-ood-Deen Feroze, at Dehly when his father Altmish died, ascended the throne without opposition, with the nobles making offerings and swearing allegiance at the ceremony.this prince happened to be at Dehly, and ascended the throne, without opposition, on Tuesday the 21st Shaban, in the year 633; on which occasion the nobles made their offerings, and swore allegiance (vol. I, p. 213)

Muizuddin Bahram Shah

• throneassumed · 1240Ferishta says Beiram, a son of Altmish, ascended the throne on this date while his sister Ruzeea Begum was confined in the fort of Bituhnda.her brother Beiram, one of the sons of Shums-ood-Deen Altmish, ascended the throne on Monday the 27th of Rumzan, in the year 637. (vol. I, p. 223)

Alauddin Masud Shah

• throneassumedFerishta says the nobles, dissatisfied with Mullik Eiz-ood-Deen Bulbun's forced usurpation, released and raised Alla-ood-Deen Musaood (Rookn-ood-Deen Feroze's son) to the musnud that same day, displacing the usurper.released the Princes Nasir-ood-Deen and Julal-ood-Deen, sons of Shums-ood-Deen Altmish, as also the Prince Alla-ood-Deen Musaood, the son of Rookn-ood-Deen Feroze, and at length raised the latter to the musnud, on the same day on which Mullik Eiz-ood-Deen Bulbun had occupied it. (vol. I, p. 229)

Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah

• throneassumed · 1246Ferishta says the nobles, having found Musaood already deposed, seated Nasir-ood-Deen Mahmood on his father Altmish's throne, judging him fitted for it by bravery, wisdom and learning as much as by birth.He was accordingly seated on the throne of his father Shums-ood-Deen Altmish, of which, independently of his birth, on account of his bravery, wisdom, and learning, together with his many other good qualities, he seemed peculiarly fitted to become the ornament. (vol. I, p. 234)

Ghiyas-ud-din Balban

• throneassumed · 1266Ferishta says Balban, then vizier and also the late King's brother-in-law, ascended the throne on Mahmood's death 'not only without opposition, but even with the general consent of the nobility and people.'on the death of his sovereign, who was also his brother-in-law, he ascended the throne not only without opposition, but even with the general consent of the nobility and people. (vol. I, p. 249)

Muizuddin Kaiqubad

• throneassumedFerishta says Keikobad, Bulbun's eighteen-year-old grandson, ascended the throne as soon as the late King (Bulbun) was dead.As soon as the late King was numbered with the dead, his grandson, Keikobad, the son of Nasir-ood-Deen, Kurra Khan, then in his eighteenth year, ascended the throne, and assumed the title of Moiz-ood-Deen. (vol. I, p. 273)
• titleassumedFerishta says Keikobad, on ascending the throne, assumed the regnal title Moiz-ood-Deen — the same act of title-taking recorded for other kings of this house at accession.his grandson, Keikobad, the son of Nasir-ood-Deen, Kurra Khan, then in his eighteenth year, ascended the throne, and assumed the title of Moiz-ood-Deen. (vol. I, p. 273)

Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji

• titleassumed · 1288Ferishta records that on killing Kaiqubad's dynasty, Jalal-ud-din Firuz took the regnal title "Julal-ood-Deen" on ascending, marking the change of dynasty from the Ghurid line to the Khaljis.Mullik Julal-ood-Deen Feroze ascended the throne, assuming the title of Julal-ood-Deen, and thus put an end to the dynasty of Ghoory, and established that of Khiljy (vol. I, p. 283)
• throneassumed · 1288Ferishta dates the enthronement to AH687/AD1288, after the murder of Kaiqubad; Ferishta separately notes he was "proclaimed King with great solemnity," stressing the act's public, ceremonial character.Julal-ood-Deen Feroze now occupied the palace, and was proclaimed King with great solemnity (vol. I, p. 283)
• canopyassumedFerishta records that on acceding, aged seventy, Jalal-ud-din changed the colour of the royal umbrella (chatr) from red to white — a change made to the sign of kingship itself rather than a first assumption or a grant from another; recorded by Ferishta without further comment. (The 'act' field is a loose fit here — this is a modification of an existing canopy, not a clean assumed/granted/withdrawn/forbidden/imitated/inherited case.)He changed the colour of the royal umbrella from red to white (vol. I, p. 287)

Alauddin Khalji

• coinassumed · 1296Ferishta records that upon reaching Delhi after Jalal-ud-din's murder, Ala-ud-din had new coin struck in his own name — an act of sovereignty performed before his formal enthronement.who causing new coin to be struck in his name, made a pompous and triumphant entry into Dehly (vol. I, p. 324)
• throneassumed · 1296Ferishta dates the enthronement to the latter end of AH696/AD1296, "in the ruby palace," immediately after the entry into Delhi and the striking of coin in his name.in the latter end of the year 696, and ascended the throne, in the ruby palace (vol. I, p. 324)

Shihabuddin Umar

• thronegranted by Mullik Kafoor · 1316Ferishta (citing 'the history of Sudr Jehan of Guzerat') records that the day after Ala-ud-din's death, Malik Kafur produced a spurious testament naming the seven-year-old Umar Khan heir, set aside the elder princes' right of primogeniture, and had the child placed on the throne while he himself took the regency — the throne is Kafur's act, not the child's own.Oomur Khan, then in the seventh year of his age, was accordingly placed on the throne, and Mullik Kafoor began his administration (vol. I, p. 383)

Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah

• throneassumed · 1317Ferishta records that after ruling two months as regent for his blinded brother, Mubarak Shah 'claimed his birthright, deposed his brother, and succeeded to the regal dignity'; Ferishta gives the formal enthronement as 7 Muharram AH717 / 22 March 1317.On the 7th of Mohurrum, in the year 717 of the Hijra, Moobarik ascended the throne (vol. I, p. 386)

Khusrau Khan

• throneassumed · 1321Ferishta records that the same morning he murdered Mubarak Shah, Khusrau Khan ascended the throne surrounded by his own faction; Ferishta dates the event 25 Rabi al-Awwal AH721 / 24 March 1321.In the morning Khoorsrow, surrounded by his creatures, ascended the throne, and assumed the title of Nasir-ood-Deen (vol. I, p. 396)
• titleassumed · 1321Ferishta records that on usurping the throne, Khusrau Khan assumed the regnal title "Nasir-ood-Deen," AH721/AD1321, in the same act as his enthronement.In the morning Khoorsrow, surrounded by his creatures, ascended the throne, and assumed the title of Nasir-ood-Deen (vol. I, p. 396)

Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq

• thronegranted by the populace of Delhi · 1320Ferishta (as translated by Briggs) states that the Delhi populace itself laid hold of Ghazi Malik, raised him up and set him on the throne, founding what Ferishta calls the Third Tartar (Toghluk) Dynasty.Then laying hold on him, the populace raised him up, and having placed him upon the throne, hailed him as Shah Jehan (the King of the Universe), but he assumed the more modest title of Gheias-ood-Deen. (vol. I, p. 400)
• titleassumed · 1320Ferishta records that although the crowd hailed him with the grand epithet Shah Jehan, the new king chose the humbler regnal title Gheias-ood-Deen (Ghiyath al-Din) for himself.Then laying hold on him, the populace raised him up, and having placed him upon the throne, hailed him as Shah Jehan (the King of the Universe), but he assumed the more modest title of Gheias-ood-Deen. (vol. I, p. 400)

Muhammad bin Tughluq

• throneassumed · 1325Ferishta states Aluf Khan ascended the throne on the third day after his father's funeral and proceeded from Toghlukabad to Dehly as the new sovereign.On the third day after the King's funeral, his eldest son Aluf Khan ascended the throne, by the title of Mahomed Toghluk, and proceeded from Toghlukabad to dehly. (vol. I, p. 409)
• titleassumed · 1325Ferishta gives the regnal title Mahomed Toghluk assumed by Aluf Khan on his accession, distinct from his princely name.On the third day after the King's funeral, his eldest son Aluf Khan ascended the throne, by the title of Mahomed Toghluk, and proceeded from Toghlukabad to dehly. (vol. I, p. 409)

Firuz Shah Tughluq

• thronegranted by the officers of his army · 1351Ferishta records that Feroze's own officers pressed him to take the throne and, once he consented, formally proclaimed him king.Meanwhile, the officers of his army having waited on Feroze, entreated him to ascend the throne, to which, after some hesitation, he gave his assent, and was accordingly proclaimed King. (vol. I, p. 445)

Tughluq Shah II

• thronegranted by Firuz Shah Tughluq · 1388Ferishta reports that the aged Feroze, resigning a second time at the household troops' urging, personally installed his grandson (named Gheias-ood-Deen in the text, i.e. Tughluq Shah II) upon the throne.he once more resigned, and, at the instance of the household troops, placed his grandson Gheias-ood-Deen, the son of his eldest son, Futteh Khan, upon the throne. (vol. I, p. 461)

Abu Bakr Shah Tughluq

• thronegranted by the conspirators, led by Mullik Rookn-ood-Deen, and the household troops · 1389Ferishta states that after assassinating Tughluq Shah II, the conspirators themselves raised Aboo Bukr (grandson of Feroze via Zuffur Khan) to the throne.The conspirators having assassinated the King, raised Aboo Bukr, the grandson of the late Feroze (third son of the Prince Zuffur Khan), to the throne. (vol. I, p. 468)

Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Tughluq II

• throneassumed · 1390Ferishta records that Prince Mahomed, having defeated his rival Aboo Bukr's faction and entered Dehly, personally ascended the throne.The Prince Mahomed in the month of Rumzan, entered Dehly, and ascending the throne, assumed the title of Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed. (vol. I, p. 473)
• titleassumed · 1390Ferishta gives the regnal title Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed taken by the Prince on the same occasion as his enthronement.The Prince Mahomed in the month of Rumzan, entered Dehly, and ascending the throne, assumed the title of Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed. (vol. I, p. 473)

Sikandar Shah Tughluq

• throneassumed · 1394Ferishta states that on his father's death Prince Hoomayoon at once ascended the throne and took the regnal name Sikundur, though his reign lasted only 45 days.Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed Toghluk was succeeded by his son Hoomayoon, who, on ascending the throne, assumed the name of Sikundur. (vol. I, p. 477)
• titleassumed · 1394Ferishta gives the regnal name Sikundur taken by Hoomayoon on his accession.Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed Toghluk was succeeded by his son Hoomayoon, who, on ascending the throne, assumed the name of Sikundur. (vol. I, p. 477)

Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Tughluq

• thronegranted by the nobles of Dehly · 1394Ferishta states that after Hoomayoon's (Sikandar's) death the disputing nobles settled on the youth Mahmood, son of Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed, and themselves placed him on the throne.They at length fixed on Mahmood a youth, the son of the late King, Nasir-ood-Deen Mahomed, whom they placed on the throne. (vol. I, p. 478)

Nusrat Shah Tughluq

• titlegranted by Sâdut Khan · 1394Ferishta records that the rebel commander Sâdut Khan fetched Noosrut Khan (son of Futteh Khan) from Mewat and set him up as a rival claimant under the royal title Noosrut Shah.He then sent for Noosrut Khan, the son of the Prince Futteh Khan, the eldest son of the late Feroze Toghluk, from Mewat, and set him up in opposition to Mahmood Toghluk, under the title of Noosrut Shah. (vol. I, p. 480)

Daulat Khan Lodi

• titlegranted by Nasir-ud-din Mahmud TughluqFerishta records that Dowlut Khan Lody, an Afghan who rose through the ranks as a secretary under Mahmood Toghluk, was given by that king the honorific title Azeez-i-Moomalik before later usurping the throne himself.originally a private secretary, who, after passing through various offices, was raised by Mahmood Toghluk, and attained the title of Azeez-i-Moomalik. (vol. I, p. 505)
• throneassumed · 1412Ferishta states Dowlut Khan Lody ascended the throne in Mohurrum of the year the text prints as 816, though the page's own marginal date gives A.H. 815 / A.D. 1412 for the same event.Dowlut Khan Lody ascended the throne in the month of Mohurrum, 816, and began his reign, as usual, by striking the currency in his own name. (vol. I, p. 505)
• coinassumed · 1412Ferishta states that Dowlut Khan Lody, as was customary for a new sovereign, began his reign by striking coin in his own name.Dowlut Khan Lody ascended the throne in the month of Mohurrum, 816, and began his reign, as usual, by striking the currency in his own name. (vol. I, p. 505)

Malik Sarwar

• titlegranted by Sultan Mahomed, son of Feroze Toghluk (Sultan of Dehli)Ferishta states Sultan Mahomed made his eunuch minister Mullik Survur his prime minister and honoured him with the (chief-ministerial, not sovereign) title Khwaja Jehan; it is the first rung of a title-escalation this dynasty is founded on.created one of his eunuchs (Mullik Survur) his prime minister, and honoured him with the title of Khwaja Jehan (vol. IV, p. 359)
• titlegranted by Sultan Mahmood Toghluk of Dehli · 1394Ferishta dates precisely, to Jumad-ool-Awul A.H. 796, Sultan Mahmood Toghluk's grant of the additional title Mullik-oos-Shurk ('Chief of the East') to his minister, coupled with the governorship of the eastern provinces -- a formal, Delhi-conferred honorific, not yet royal insignia.conferred on his minister the additional title of Mullik-oos-Shurk (vol. IV, p. 359)
• titleassumedFerishta states Khwaja Jehan exploited the internal disorder of Mahmood Toghluk's reign to take, on his own authority rather than by Delhi's grant, the higher title Sooltan-oos-Shurk ('King of the East') -- the step from provincial governor's honorific to self-styled sovereign.Khwaja Jehan took advantage of these circumstances to assume the title of Sooltan-oos-Shurk (vol. IV, p. 360)

Mubarak Shah Sharqi

• canopyassumedFerishta states that on his accession, with the consent of his officers, Moobarik Shah assumed the regal canopy -- reading Delhi's anarchy as license to take full royal insignia rather than his predecessor's subordinate honorific.he, with the consent of the officers of his government, assumed the regal canopy, and caused coin to be struck, and prayers to be read, in his name, under the title of Moobarik Shah Shurky (vol. IV, p. 361)
• coinassumedSame accession act: Ferishta records coin struck in Moobarik Shah's own name alongside the canopy and khutba, the standard triad of assumed sovereignty.he, with the consent of the officers of his government, assumed the regal canopy, and caused coin to be struck, and prayers to be read, in his name, under the title of Moobarik Shah Shurky (vol. IV, p. 361)
• khutbaassumedSame accession act: Ferishta records the khutba read in Moobarik Shah's own name alongside the canopy and coin, completing the triad of assumed sovereignty.he, with the consent of the officers of his government, assumed the regal canopy, and caused coin to be struck, and prayers to be read, in his name, under the title of Moobarik Shah Shurky (vol. IV, p. 361)
• titleassumedIn the same accession act Ferishta gives his new regnal title, Moobarik Shah Shurky -- the sovereign 'Shah' title distinct from his predecessor's Delhi-conferred 'Mullik'/'Sooltan-oos-Shurk' honorifics.he, with the consent of the officers of his government, assumed the regal canopy, and caused coin to be struck, and prayers to be read, in his name, under the title of Moobarik Shah Shurky (vol. IV, p. 361)

Ibrahim Shah Sharqi

• throneinherited by Mubarak Shah SharqiFerishta records Ibrahim's succession to his elder brother Moobarik's throne on the latter's death, the dynasty's first sibling-to-sibling succession.On the death of Moobarik, his younger brother, Ibrahim, was elevated to the throne. (vol. IV, p. 363)

Mahmud Shah Sharqi

• throneinherited by Ibrahim Shah SharqiFerishta records Mahmood's succession to his father Ibrahim Shah as eldest son, after Ibrahim's forty-year reign.After the death of Ibrahim Shah, he was succeeded by his eldest son Mahmood. (vol. IV, p. 367)

Muhammad Shah Sharqi

• throneinherited by Mahmud Shah SharqiFerishta records Bheekun Khan's succession to his father Mahmood as eldest son, immediately having himself proclaimed king.Mahmood was succeeded by his eldest son Bheekun Khan, who caused himself to be proclaimed King, under the title of Mahomed Shurky. (vol. IV, p. 371)
• titleassumedFerishta states Bheekun Khan had himself proclaimed king under the regnal title Mahomed Shurky at his accession, before disgusting his court with cruelty within a five-month reign.Mahmood was succeeded by his eldest son Bheekun Khan, who caused himself to be proclaimed King, under the title of Mahomed Shurky. (vol. IV, p. 371)

Husain Shah Sharqi

• titleassumedFerishta states Prince Hoossein Khan, sheltered by his mother the Dowager-queen at Kunowj, assumed the title of King before his brother Mahomed Shah could reach him -- staking a rival claim to the Shurky throne mid-civil-war; the same page later restates that peace was made with 'Hoossein Khan, who assumed the title of Shah.'and assumed the title of King before the arrival of Mahomed Shah, whom he opposed at the Rajgeer passage of the Ganges. (vol. IV, p. 373)
• throneinherited by Muhammad Shah SharqiFerishta records Hoossein's accession to the Shurky throne immediately on his brother Mahomed Shah's death -- this dynasty's last succession before Sikundur Lody's conquest ended it in A.H. 881/A.D. 1476.This prince ascended the throne of the Shurky kings immediately after the death of his brother Mahomed Shah. (vol. IV, p. 375)

Khizr Khan

• titleforbiddenBriggs's footnote states that Khizr Khan never assumed the royal title even while ruling in Delhi, and reads this restraint — together with the nobles' election of his son afterward — as proof the Delhi aristocracy held real power over succession, not the prince. The verifier reads the sentence as looser than the sign/act encoding; kept as contested.The circumstance of Khizr Khan not having assumed the title of King, and the fact of the nobles assembling to elect his son Moobarik to the throne, at once bespeak the power to which aristocracy had attained over despotism, and proves by how precarious a tenour the prince held his throne. (vol. I, p. 512)

Mubarak Shah

• throneassumed · 1421Ferishta reports the throne-seating as the formal act of accession, occurring three days after Khizr Khan's death — the ceremony that made Mubarak Shah king in fact, following his father's earlier refusal of full kingship.Accordingly, three days after his death, Moobarik ascended the throne, and assumed the title of Moiz-ood-Deen, Abool Futteh Moobarik. (vol. I, p. 513)
• titleassumed · 1421In the same sentence Ferishta records Mubarak Shah taking the regnal title Moiz-ood-Deen, Abool Futteh Moobarik — the first ruler in this line, per the passage, to pair the throne with a full royal title where his father had held neither.Accordingly, three days after his death, Moobarik ascended the throne, and assumed the title of Moiz-ood-Deen, Abool Futteh Moobarik. (vol. I, p. 513)

Muhammad Shah

• throneinherited · 1435Ferishta frames Muhammad Shah's accession as immediate and orderly — seated on the throne the same day his father Mubarak Shah received his death-wound — offered as proof that hereditary order, not personal power, kept the state intact through an assassination.on the same day which gave to Moobarik his death-wound, his son, the Prince Mahomed, was seated on the throne. (vol. I, p. 532)

Alam Shah

• throneinherited · 1445Ferishta states Alla-ood-Deen (Alam Shah) succeeded his father Muhammad Shah on the throne without incident in 849 AH, an ordinary hereditary transfer that the chapter heading on p.540 repeats as happening 'on the demise of his father.'and his son Alla-ood-Deen succeeded him on the throne. (vol. I, p. 539)
• khutbagranted by Bheilole Lody (Buhlul Lodi) · 1450Ferishta notes that even after Bheilole Lody seized Delhi and was proclaimed king in 854 AH, he let Alla-ood-Deen's name continue in the khutba 'for form's sake' — a deliberate fiction preserving the appearance that Alla-ood-Deen still reigned.though the name of Alla-ood-Deen was, for form's sake, allowed to be read in the Khootba as usual. (vol. I, p. 543)
• khutbawithdrawn by Bheilole Lody (Buhlul Lodi) · 1450Ferishta records that once Alla-ood-Deen formally ceded the throne, Bheilole Lody dropped his name from the khutba and assumed the full insignia of royalty himself — the point Ferishta treats as the real transfer of sovereignty, distinct from and later than the earlier seizure of the capital.Bheilole Lody from that hour rejected the name of Syud Alla-ood-Deen from the Khootba, and publicly assumed all the insignia of royalty. (vol. I, p. 543)
• thronewithdrawn by Bheilole Lody (Buhlul Lodi) · 1450Ferishta states that Alla-ood-Deen formally abdicated the throne to Bheilole Lody in exchange for being left to live undisturbed at Budaoon — an explicit negotiated surrender of the throne, not a deposition by force.and formally abdicated the throne in his favour, on condition of his being permitted to reside quietly in possession of Budaoon. (vol. I, p. 543)

Bahlul Lodi

• khutbagranted · 1450Ferishta (Briggs) says that after Bahlul quietly seized Delhi and was proclaimed king, he let Syud Alla-ood-Deen's name continue to be read in the khutba "for form's sake" — the khutba kept as a nominal grant to the displaced ruler while Bahlul held actual power.though the name of Alla-ood-Deen was, for form's sake, allowed to be read in the Khootba as usual. (vol. I, p. 543)
• khutbawithdrawnFerishta (Briggs) records that once Alla-ood-Deen formally abdicated to him, Bahlul stopped the khutba being read in Alla-ood-Deen's name and openly took up the full insignia of royalty himself.Bheilole Lody from that hour rejected the name of Syud Alla-ood-Deen from the Khootba, and publicly assumed all the insignia of royalty. (vol. I, p. 543)

Sikandar Lodi

• titlegranted by the Afghan chiefs · 1488Ferishta's (Briggs's) chapter summary states that on Bahlul's death (A.H. 894 / A.D. 1488, per the previous page's margin), the Afghan chiefs raised Prince Nizam Khan to the throne under the royal title Sikundur.The Afghan chiefs raise Nizam Khan to the throne, under the title of Sikundur. (vol. I, p. 563)
• throneassumed · 1488Ferishta (Briggs) narrates that Khan Khanan carried Bahlul's body to Jellaly, where Sikandar met the cortege and there ascended his father's throne, formalising his accession in the same year as Bahlul's death.being met by Sikundur, the latter ascended his father's throne at that place. (vol. I, p. 564)

Ibrahim Lodi

• throneinheritedFerishta (Briggs) opens the Ibrahim chapter stating that on Sikandar's death at Agra his son Ibrahim succeeded him on the throne, the ordinary hereditary transfer of the sign.Sikundur Lody dying at Agra, his son Ibrahim succeeded to the throne. (vol. I, p. 590)

Babur

• khutbaassumed · 1526Briggs's Ferishta states the khutba (Friday sermon) was formally read in Babur's name by Sheikh Zein-ood-Deen of Delhi upon his taking the city, the standard proclamation of sovereignty over a captured capital.The Khootba was read in Babur's named by Sheikh Zein-ood-Deen of Dehly, and, after surveying the city and visiting the tombs of the saints and heroes, he proceeded to Agra, where he arrived on the 22d of the same month. (vol. II, p. 46)

Humayun

• titleassumed · 1555Briggs's Ferishta records that after the victory over Sikandar Shah Sur at Sirhind and the reoccupation of Delhi, Humayun formally resumed the royal style, becoming king of Hindustan 'a second time' — the text frames this as a restoration of the title lost during the Sur interregnum.In the month of Rumzan, Hoomayoon re-entered Dehly in triumph, and became a second time King of Hindoostan. (vol. II, p. 176)

Akbar

• throneinherited by Humayun · 1556Briggs's Ferishta (via Abool Fuzl's account) states that on news of Humayun's death the assembled Mughal officers enthroned the thirteen-year-old Akbar at once, the formal act of accession that opened his reign.The officers who were present, after expressing their grief for the deceased, raised Akbur to the throne, on the 2nd of Rubbee-oos-Sany, in the year 963, when he was only thirteen years and nine months old. (vol. II, p. 182)
• sealassumedIn the early years of the reign, Mauláná Maqcúd the seal-engraver cut, in a circular form on steel in the riqá' character, a seal bearing Akbar's name and those of his ancestors up to Tímúrlang.In the beginning of the present reign, Mauláná Maqcúd, the seal-engraver, cut in a circular form upon a surface of steel, in the riqá character, the name of his Majesty and those of his illustrious ancestors up to Tímúrlang; (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedMauláná Maqcúd afterwards cut a second, similar seal in the nasta'líq character, bearing only Akbar's own name.and afterwards he cut another similar seal, in the nasta'líq character, only with his Majesty's name. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedFor judicial transactions a second kind of seal, mihrábi in form, was made bearing a Persian verse round Akbar's name: 'Uprightness is the means of pleasing God; I never saw any one lost in the straight road.'For judicial transactions a second kind of seal was made, mihrábi in form, which had the following verse round the name of his Majesty— Rástí mújib i rizá i khudást, kas nadídam kih gum shud az rah i rást. "Uprightness is the means of pleasing God; I never saw any one lost in the straight road." (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedThe round small seal (the nasta'líq name-only seal) goes by the Chaghatai name Uzuk, and is used for farmán i sabtís (registered/recorded farmans).The round small seal goes by the (chagatái) name of Uzuk, and is used for farmán i sabtís; (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedThe large seal, bearing the names of Akbar's ancestors, was at first used only for letters to foreign kings, but by Blochmann's day was used for both foreign and domestic matters.and the large one, into which he cut the names of the ancestors of his Majesty, was at first only used for letters to foreign kings, but now-a-days for both. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedMaulána Maqçúd cut a second circular steel seal in the nasta'líq character bearing only Akbar's own name (as distinct from the first seal, which also carried the names of his ancestors up to Tímúrlang).afterwards he cut another similar seal, in the nasta'líq character, only with his Majesty's name. (vol. I, p. 52)
• standardassumedA'in 19: the 'Alam (standard) as carried before the emperor himself when he rides out — not less than five, wrapped in scarlet cloth bags as part of the Qur (the king's travelling collection of flags and arms), unfurled only on festival days and in battle.5. The 'Alam, or standard. When the king rides out, not less than five of these are carried along with the Qur, wrapped up in scarlet cloth bags. On days of festivity, and in battle, they are unfurled. (vol. I, p. 50)
• drumassumedA'in 19, on the Naqqarahkhanah band (kuwargah, naqqarah, duhul, karana, surna, nafir, sing, sanj — eight instrument classes sounding the watches of the day): Blochmann's text closes by crediting Akbar himself with mastery of the naqqarah beyond that of trained musicians.His Majesty has such a knowledge of the science of music as trained musicians do not possess; and he is likewise an excellent hand in performing, especially on the naqqarah. (vol. I, p. 51)

The Mughal Empire

• throneassumedThe Aurang (throne) is made in several forms — some inlaid with precious stones, others of gold or silver.The Aurang, or throne, is made of several forms; some are inlaid with precious stones, and others are made of gold, silver, &c. (vol. I, p. 50)
• throneforbiddenBlochmann states that the Aurang, together with the Chatr, Sáibán and Kaukabah, are the four insignia used only by kings — restricted from all others.These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyassumedThe Chatr (umbrella) is adorned with the most precious jewels, never fewer than seven.The Chatr, or umbrella, is adorned with the most precious jewels, of which there are never less than seven. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyforbiddenThe Chatr is one of the four insignia (with Aurang, Sáibán, Kaukabah) restricted to kings only.These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyassumedThe Sáibán, also called Aftábgír, is oval, a yard long, its handle covered with brocade and set with precious stones; an attendant holds it over the king to keep off the sun.The Sáibán is of an oval form, a yard in length, and its handle, like that of the umbrella, is covered with brocade, and ornamented with precious stones. One of the attendants holds it, to keep off the rays of the sun. It is also called Aftábgír. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyforbiddenThe Sáibán/Aftábgír is one of the four insignia (with Aurang, Chatr, Kaukabah) restricted to kings only.These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe Kaukabah — several are hung before the assembly hall. Not literally a flag; classified here under 'standard' as the nearest permitted sign category since the register schema has no separate globe/mace-insignia class.The Kaukabah, of which several are hung up before the assembly hall. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardforbiddenThe Kaukabah is one of the four insignia (with Aurang, Chatr, Sáibán) restricted to kings only.These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe 'Alam (standard): when the king rides out, not fewer than five are carried with the Qur (the king's travelling collection of flags, arms and insignia), wrapped in scarlet cloth bags; unfurled on days of festivity and in battle.The 'Alam, or standard. When the king rides out, not less than five of these are carried along with the Qur, wrapped up in scarlet cloth bags. On days of festivity, and in battle, they are unfurled. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe Chatrtóq, a smaller kind of 'Alam, adorned with the tails of Thibetan yaks; described together with the Tumantóq as flags of the highest dignity.The Chatrtóq, a kind of 'Alam, but smaller than it, is adorned with the tails of Thibetan yaks. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardgrantedThe Tumantóq, like the Chatrtóq but longer, is a flag of the highest dignity that is bestowed upon great nobles only. The page does not name a grantor; the imperial insignia system implies the emperor confers it, but this is not stated outright.The Tumantóq is like the Chatrtóq, but longer. Both insignia are flags of the highest dignity, and the latter is bestowed upon great nobles only. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe Jhandá is an Indian flag; the Qur necessarily contains one of each kind of standard, though many are displayed on great occasions.The Jhandá is an Indian flag. The Qur necessarily contains a flag of each kind; but on great occasions many are displayed. (vol. I, p. 50)
• drumassumedThe Kuwargah, commonly called damámah, of which about eighteen pair or more are kept, giving a deep sound; the first-listed instrument of the Naqqárahkhánah (imperial drum-house/band).Of musical instruments used in the Naqqárahkhánah, I may mention, 1. the Kuwargah, commonly called damámah; there are eighteen pair of (vol. I, p. 50)
• drumassumedThe naqqárah — twenty pair, more or less — the department's namesake drum.The naqqárah, twenty pair, more or less. (vol. I, p. 51)
• drumassumedThe duhul, of which four are used in the imperial band.The duhul, of which four are used. (vol. I, p. 51)
• drumassumedThe Karaná, made of gold, silver, brass and other metals; never fewer than four are blown together. Listed among the Naqqárahkhánah instruments; classified as 'drum' here as the nearest permitted sign category for the imperial band, though it is a horn.The Karaná is made of gold, silver, brass, and other metals: and they never blow fewer than four. (vol. I, p. 51)
• drumassumedThe surná (Persian and Indian kinds) — nine are blown together. A wind instrument of the Naqqárahkhánah, classified as 'drum' here as the nearest permitted sign category.The surná of the Persian and Indian kinds; they blow nine together. (vol. I, p. 51)
• drumassumedThe náfír (Persian, European and Indian kinds) — some of each kind are blown. Classified as 'drum' here as the nearest permitted sign category for the Naqqárahkhánah band.The náfír, of the Persian, European, and Indian kinds; they blow some of each kind. (vol. I, p. 51)
• drumassumedThe sing, of brass, made in the form of a cow's horn — two are blown together. Classified as 'drum' here as the nearest permitted sign category.The sing is of brass, and made in the form of a cow's horn; they blow two together. (vol. I, p. 51)
• drumassumedThe sanj, or cymbal, of which three pair are used. Classified as 'drum' here as the nearest permitted sign category for the Naqqárahkhánah ensemble.The sanj, or cymbal, of which three pair are used. (vol. I, p. 51)
• sealassumedFor other (non-judicial, non-foreign) orders a square seal is used, engraved with the words Alláhu Akbar, jalla jalálulu — an institutional seal-type, not tied to one named seal-engraver's personal commission.For other orders a square seal is used, engraved with the words Alláhu Akbar, jalla jalálulu, (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedA seal of a peculiar stamp is used for all matters connected with the seraglio (the imperial harem administration).whilst another of a peculiar stamp is used for all matters connected with the seraglio. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedFor the seals attached to farmáns (royal orders), a separate stamp of various forms is used.For the seals attached to farmáns, another stamp is used of various forms. (vol. I, p. 52)
• throneforbiddenThe Aurang (throne), made in several forms, some inlaid with precious stones, others of gold or silver, is one of the four insignia (Aurang, Chatr, Sáibán, Kaukabah) Blochmann's text states are reserved to kings alone.These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyforbiddenThe Chatr (umbrella), adorned with precious jewels (never fewer than seven), is one of the four insignia Blochmann's text restricts to kings alone.The Chatr, or umbrella, is adorned with the most precious jewels, of which there are never less than seven. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyforbiddenThe Sáibán, also called Áftábgír, an oval sunshade a yard long held by an attendant to shield the king from the sun, is one of the four insignia Blochmann's text restricts to kings alone.The Sáibán is of an oval form, a yard in length, and its handle, like that of the umbrella, is covered with brocade, and ornamented with precious stones... It is also called Áftábgír. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe 'Alam (standard): when the king rides out, at least five are carried with the Qúr (the king's travelling collection of flags, arms and insignia), wrapped in scarlet cloth bags; unfurled on days of festivity and in battle.When the king rides out, not less than five of these are carried along with the Qur, wrapped up in scarlet cloth bags. On days of festivity, and in battle, they are unfurled. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe Chatrtóq, a smaller variant of the 'Alam standard, is adorned with the tails of Thibetan yaks.The Chatrtóq, a kind of 'Alam, but smaller than it, is adorned with the tails of Thibetan yaks. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardgrantedThe Tumántóq, longer than the Chatrtóq, is one of the two flags of the highest dignity, and (per Blochmann, 'the latter') is bestowed on great nobles only — a standard granted rather than assumed by the emperor himself.The Tumantóq is like the Chatrtóq, but longer. Both insignia are flags of the highest dignity, and the latter is bestowed upon great nobles only. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardassumedThe Jhandá is described as an Indian flag; the Qúr necessarily contains a flag of each kind (alam, chatrtóq, tumántóq, jhandá).The Jhanda is an Indian flag. The Qur necessarily contains a flag of each kind; but on great occasions many are displayed. (vol. I, p. 50)
• sealassumedPage 52 describes the seals: it is the LARGE seal, not the small round uzuk, into which the names of the emperor's ancestors up to Timur were cut (the sweep agent first attributed this to the uzuk; corrected from the verifier's re-reading, 2026-09-22).The round small seal goes by the (chagatái) name of Uzuk, and is used for farmán i sabtis. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedThe large seal, cut with the names of the emperor's ancestors, was at first reserved for letters to foreign kings only, but by the time of writing serves both that use and the Uzuk's routine use.the large one, into which he cut the names of the ancestors of his Majesty, was at first only used for letters to foreign kings, but now-a-days for both. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedFor judicial transactions a second kind of seal, mihrábi (niche-shaped) in form, was made, bearing a Persian verse of uprightness round the emperor's name.For judicial transactions a second kind of seal was made, mihrábi in form, which had the following verse round the name of his Majesty. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedA square seal engraved with the words 'Alláhu Akbar, jalla jalálulu' is used for other (non-judicial, non-farmán) orders.For other orders a square seal is used, engraved with the words Allahu Akbar, jalla jalálulu. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedA seal of a peculiar stamp, distinct from the others, is reserved for all matters connected with the seraglio (the imperial harem administration).whilst another of a peculiar stamp is used for all matters connected with the seraglio. (vol. I, p. 52)
• sealassumedThe seals physically attached to farmáns use yet another stamp, made in various forms, distinct from the Uzuk, the large ancestral seal, the mihrábi judicial seal and the square-order seal.For the seals attached to farmáns, another stamp is used of various forms. (vol. I, p. 52)
• throneforbiddenA'in 19, 'The Ensigns of Royalty': the Aurang (throne) is named first among four insignia — with the Chatr, Saiban and Kaukabah — that Blochmann's text states are used by kings alone.1. The Aurang, or throne, is made of several forms; some are inlaid with precious stones, and others are made of gold, silver, &c. ... These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• canopyforbiddenA'in 19: the Chatr (jewelled umbrella) and the Saiban/Aftabgir (an oval sunshade of brocade, also called Aftabgir, held by an attendant) are the second and third of the four insignia the text restricts to kings.2. The Chatr, or umbrella, is adorned with the most precious jewels, of which there are never less than seven. 3. The Saiban is of an oval form... It is also called Aftabgir. ... These four insignia are only used by kings. (vol. I, p. 50)
• standardgranted by AkbarA'in 19: the Tumantog, a longer form of the Chatrtog standard (itself smaller than the 'Alam and trimmed with Tibetan yak tails), is the one of the two 'flags of the highest dignity' that the text says is bestowed only on great nobles.7. The Tumantog is like the Chatrtog, but longer. Both insignia are flags of the highest dignity, and the latter is bestowed upon great nobles only. (vol. I, p. 50)
• sealassumedA'in 20, 'The Royal Seals': the small round seal (Uzuk) is used for farman-i-sabtis, while the large seal cut with the names of Akbar's ancestors was first reserved for letters to foreign kings and later used for both; further square and 'peculiar' stamps serve other orders and seraglio business.The round small seal goes by the (chagatai) name of Uzuk, and is used for farman i sabtis; and the large one, into which he cut the names of the ancestors of his Majesty, was at first only used for letters to foreign kings, but now-a-days for both. (vol. I, p. 52)
• robegrantedA'in 74 (p. 158) is a salutation rule — three taslims are due on several occasions, among them receiving a dress of honour — so the page attests that a khilat was received at court, not the grant itself; kept as contested (verifier, 2026-09-22).Upon taking leave, or presentation, or upon receiving a mansab, a jagir, or a dress of honour, or an elephant, or a horse, the rule is to make three taslims; but only one on all other occasions, when salaries are paid, or presents are made. (vol. I, p. 158)
• standardgranted by AkbarBlochmann's translator's note closing the Mansabdars discussion (A'in 30, Book Second) states as a general rule that the emperor's distinctions conferred on Mansabdars consisted of certain flags, cross-referencing back to the Ensigns of Royalty A'in on p. 50.The distinctions conferred by the emperor on the Mancabdars consisted in certain flags (vide p. 50, l. 6, from below), and the gharyal or gong (vide in the beginning of the Fourth Book, A'in i Gharyal). (vol. I, p. 247)
• drumgranted by AkbarSame translator's note (A'in 30, Book Second): alongside certain flags, the gharyal or gong is named as the other mark of distinction the emperor conferred on Mansabdars; Blochmann points to a further A'in i Gharyal at the start of the (untranslated, in this volume) Fourth Book.The distinctions conferred by the emperor on the Mancabdars consisted in certain flags (vide p. 50, l. 6, from below), and the gharyal or gong (vide in the beginning of the Fourth Book, A'in i Gharyal). (vol. I, p. 247)
• drumgrantedBlochmann's 'Note on the meaning of the title of Tarkhan' (biographical appendix, Book Second): among seven distinctions some sources give the rarely-hereditary title of Tarkhan, it carried a tabl (drum) and a naqqarah, granted by the ruler (Chingiz Khan, Timur, or later a Mughal emperor) on conferring the title, not tied to a specific Mansab rank.Some say, a Tarkhan had seven distinctions and privileges—1. a tabl; 2. a tuman-togh; 3. a naqqarah; 4. he can confer on two of his men a qushun togh, or chatr togh... (vol. I, p. 364)
• standardgrantedSame Tarkhan note: the title-holder's own standard was a tuman-togh, and uniquely he could himself confer a qushun togh or chatr togh standard on two of his own men — a sub-grant not available to an ordinary Mansabdar.a tuman-togh; 3. a naqqarah; 4. he can confer on two of his men a qushun togh, or chatr togh. (vol. I, p. 364)
• sealgrantedContinuing the Tarkhan note: when Khizr Khwajah made Mir Khudadad a Tarkhan he added three further privileges, including that the Tarkhan's own seal is affixed to all his orders, with the king's seal placed only at the start of the last line and below the Tarkhan's.3. The Tarkhan's seal is put on all orders; but the seal of the king is put to the beginning of the last line and below his. (vol. I, p. 365)

Islam Shah Suri

• throneassumed · 1545Ferishta dates Julal Khan's enthronement to 15 Rubbee-ool-Awul, A.H. 952 (A.D. 1545 by the conversion the text itself gives for the same month on p.124), staged at Kalunjur through the faction of Eesa Khan.ascended the throne, in the fortress of Kalunjur, on the 15th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 952, taking the title of Islam Shah, which by false pronunciation is called Sulim Shah, (vol. II, p. 126)
• titleassumed · 1545Ferishta notes the regnal title was properly 'Islam Shah' and that 'Sulim Shah' is a mispronunciation by which he became better known — a philological aside the text itself flags.ascended the throne, in the fortress of Kalunjur, on the 15th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 952, taking the title of Islam Shah, which by false pronunciation is called Sulim Shah, (vol. II, p. 126)

Firuz Shah Suri

• throneinherited by the chiefs of the tribe of Soor at GualiarFerishta states the twelve-year-old Prince Feroze succeeded his father Sulim Shah and was formally placed on the throne by the Soor tribal chiefs at Gwalior — a hereditary succession, not a self-assumption.Sulim Shah died, and was succeeded by his son, the Prince Feroze, then twelve years of age who was placed on the throne by the chiefs of the tribe of Soor at Gualiar. (vol. II, p. 141)

Muhammad Adil Shah Suri

• throneassumedFerishta reports Moobariz Khan murdered his nephew Prince Feroze in the female apartments and then ascended the throne himself, an act of usurpation rather than succession.assassinated the young Prince, and ascending the throne, assumed the title of Mahomed Shah Adil. (vol. II, p. 141)
• titleassumedThe same sentence that records Moobariz Khan's usurpation of the throne records his adoption of the regnal title Mahomed Shah Adil, by which the chapter thereafter names him.assassinated the young Prince, and ascending the throne, assumed the title of Mahomed Shah Adil. (vol. II, p. 141)

Sikandar Shah Suri

• titleassumedFerishta records that Prince Ahmud Khan, another nephew of Sheer Shah, took the regnal title of Sikundur Shah on raising a rival army against Ibrahim Khan Soor in Punjab.Ahmud Khan, having procured the aid of Heibut Khan and other chiefs, who had been created nobles by the late Sulim Shah, assumed the title of Sikundur Shah, and marching with ten or twelve thousand horse towards Agra, encamped at Kurra, within twenty miles of that city. (vol. II, p. 147)
• throneassumed · 1554The chapter opening for 'Sikundur Shah Soor' dates his enthronement at Agra to A.H. 962 / A.D. 1554, marked by a festival at which he addressed the assembled Afghan chiefs.SIKUNDUR SOOR, after having ascended the throne at Agra, in the year 962, made a magnificent festival, and calling together all his chiefs, spoke to them to this effect: (vol. II, p. 152)

Ibrahim Shah Suri

• throneassumedFerishta states Ibrahim Khan Soor, having raised an army after fleeing his brother-in-law Mahomed Shah Adily's attempt to seize him, took Delhi by force and there ascended the throne and adopted the (unspecified) 'ensigns of royalty.'raised a considerable army, and, getting possession of the city of Dehly, ascended the throne, and assumed the ensigns of royalty. (vol. II, p. 146)

Nasir Khan Faruqi

• titlegranted by the King of GuzeratFerishta, as translated by Briggs, states that Nuseer Khan received the title of Khan from the King of Guzerat in the same sentence that credits him with assuming the khutba and the royal canopy, fulfilling a wish his father Mullik Raja had carried to his grave.He received from the King of Guzerat the title of Khan, and caused the public prayers to be read in his name, realising the wish that his father carried with him to the grave, namely, that of assuming the royal pavilion and canopy. (vol. IV, p. 286)
• khutbaassumedFerishta/Briggs record that Nuseer Khan caused the public prayers (khutba) to be read in his own name, in the same passage describing his assumption of the title of Khan and the royal canopy.He received from the King of Guzerat the title of Khan, and caused the public prayers to be read in his name, realising the wish that his father carried with him to the grave, namely, that of assuming the royal pavilion and canopy. (vol. IV, p. 286)
• canopyassumedFerishta/Briggs state Nuseer Khan assumed the royal pavilion and canopy, explicitly realising a wish his father Mullik Raja died without achieving; the father himself is never credited with the canopy.He received from the King of Guzerat the title of Khan, and caused the public prayers to be read in his name, realising the wish that his father carried with him to the grave, namely, that of assuming the royal pavilion and canopy. (vol. IV, p. 286)

Daud Khan Faruqi

• khutbawithdrawn by Yekbal Khan, general of Sooltan Nasir-ood-Deen of Malwa, acting for his masterFerishta/Briggs record that the Malwa general Yekbal Khan, having marched to Boorhanpoor, compelled Dawood Khan to have the public prayers read in the name of the Sultan of Malwa rather than his own, alongside an exaction of elephants and valuables -- a forced submission, not a voluntary grant.Yekbal Khan, however, continued his march to Boorhanpoor, where he required Dawood Khan to cause the public prayers to be read in the name of Sooltan Nasir-ood-Deen; and having exacted from Dawood Khan two elepants, and sundry articles of value, the Malwa general returned to Mando. (vol. IV, p. 302)

Miran Muhammad Shah I

• titleassumed · 1535Ferishta/Briggs record that after the Guzerat nobles proclaimed him king following Bahadur Shah's death at Diu, he was crowned at Mando and took the royal title Meeran Mahomed Shah -- though his reign lasted only until his sudden death en route to Ahmudabad.Meanwhile he was formally crowned at Mando, and assumed the title of Meeran Mahomed Shah; but his reign was of short duration. (vol. IV, p. 312)
• throneassumed · 1535Ferishta/Briggs state he 'was formally crowned at Mando' -- a seating rite -- in the same act by which he took the royal title.Meanwhile he was formally crowned at Mando, and assumed the title of Meeran Mahomed Shah; but his reign was of short duration. (vol. IV, p. 312)
• coinassumedFerishta records that after the Guzerat officers resolved to invite Meeran Mahomed Khan of Kandeish, nephew of Bahadur Shah, to the throne, coin was struck in his name without further hesitation.and without further hesitation, coins were struck, and public prayers read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 142)
• khutbaassumedThe same sentence records that public prayers (the khutba) were read in Meeran Mahomed Khan's name as part of his acknowledgement as sovereign.and without further hesitation, coins were struck, and public prayers read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 142)

Mubarak Shah Faruqi II

• titleassumed · 1535Briggs's own footnote on this page hedges the claim: Ferishta reports Moobarik 'immediately assumed the title of Shah' on his brother's death, but Briggs states this was 'a dignity to which he had no right, as he did not succeed to the government of any kingdom,' and calls him Khan rather than Shah throughout to avoid confusion.and his brother Moobarik, hearing of his decease at Boorhanpoor, immediately assumed the title of Shah. (vol. IV, p. 313)

Raja Ali Khan Faruqi

• titlewithdrawnFerishta/Briggs record that, to avoid contesting Akbar's power, Raja Ally voluntarily dropped the royal title his brother had assumed and wrote to Akbar offering himself as vassal and tributary, sending rich presents to demonstrate sincerity.Raja Ally Khan, in order to avoid so unequal a contest, dropped the title of king, which his brother had assumed, and wrote a letter to Akbur, begging that be might he considered as his vassal and tributary. (vol. IV, p. 321)
• throneassumed · 1576Ferishta/Briggs record that the Boorhanpoor nobles set aside the minor heir Hoossein Khan and seated Raja Ally on the musnud (throne) in his place.The nobles went out to meet him; and in consequence of the minority of Hoossein Khan they deposed that prince, and placed Raja Ally on the musnud. (vol. IV, p. 321)

Bahadur Khan Faruqi

• throneassumed · 1596The chapter synopsis in Briggs's translation opens by stating Bahadur Khan 'ascends his father's throne' on succeeding Raja Ally Khan, before recounting Akbar's siege of Aseer and Bahadur Khan's eventual captivity as the dynasty's last ruler.Ascends his father's throne—defies the power of Akbur.—Aseer besieged, and taken by capitulation; and Bahadur Khan, the last of the kings of Kandeish, becomes a state-prisoner in Gualiar. (vol. IV, p. 325)

Muzaffar Shah I

• titleassumed · 1396Briggs's Ferishta, quoting the Tareekh-i-Alfy, states that on returning to Puttun from Julwara, Moozuffur Khan had himself proclaimed king under the title Moozuffur Shah.Moozuffur Khan caused himself to be proclaimed King, under the title of Moozuffur Shah, and directed coin to be struck in his name. (vol. IV, p. 7)
• coinassumed · 1396The same sentence records that, on assuming the royal title, Moozuffur Shah also directed coin to be struck in his own name.Moozuffur Khan caused himself to be proclaimed King, under the title of Moozuffur Shah, and directed coin to be struck in his name. (vol. IV, p. 7)

Mahmud Shah II

• throneassumed by Imad-ool-Moolk, the regentFerishta records that Nuseer Khan, the younger brother of the deceased Sikundur Shah, was raised to the throne by the regent Imad-ool-Moolk.Nuseer Khan, the King's younger brother, was raised to the throne by Imad-ool-Moolk, under the title of Mahmood Shah. (vol. IV, p. 101)
• titleassumed by Imad-ool-Moolk, the regentThe same sentence records that Nuseer Khan took the regnal title Mahmood Shah on being raised to the throne by the regent Imad-ool-Moolk.Nuseer Khan, the King's younger brother, was raised to the throne by Imad-ool-Moolk, under the title of Mahmood Shah. (vol. IV, p. 101)

Bahadur Shah

• throneassumed · 1526Ferishta records Bahadur Shah's formal coronation at Nehrwala Puttun on the 26th of Rumzan, A.H. 932 (3 August 1526), after his rivals' minister Imad-ool-Moolk was deserted by most of his adherents.Bahadur Shah was formally crowned on the 26th of Rumzan, A. H. 932, and reached Ahmudabad on the 28th. (vol. IV, p. 103)

Mahmud Shah III

• throneassumed · 1538Ferishta records that Mahmood Khan, son of Prince Luteef Khan, was formally crowned at Ahmudabad on 10 Zeekad, A.H. 944 (5 April 1538), after the Guzerat nobles secured his release from confinement at Boorhanpoor.and was formally crowned at Ahmudabad, and Yekhtiar Khan became prime minister. (vol. IV, p. 144)

Muzaffar Shah III

• titleassumed by Etimad Khan, the minister · 1561Ferishta states the minister Etimad Khan produced a lad named Hubboo, asserting him to be a son of Mahmood Shah II, and had him crowned under the title Moozuffur Shah III; the chapter heading itself calls the boy a 'supposititious son', so the page hedges on the claim it also reports.the boy was duly crowned, under the name of Moozuffur Shah III. (vol. IV, p. 155)
• throneassumed by Etimad Khan, the minister · 1561The same page records the enthronement act itself; the chapter's own heading ('Etimad Khan raises a supposititious son of Mahmood II to the throne') hedges on the boy's parentage even as it reports the coronation as fact.the boy was duly crowned, under the name of Moozuffur Shah III. (vol. IV, p. 155)

Dilawar Khan Ghuri

• canopyassumed · 1401Ferishta (Briggs's translation) states that on assuming royal state at the instance of his son Alp Khan, Dilawur Khan took up the white canopy among the marks of sovereignty — the moment the archive treats as his declaration of independence from Delhi.royal state and titles; such as the white canopy and scarlet pavilion, and coining money: he caused public prayers to be read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 170)
• coinassumed · 1401Ferishta states Dilawur Khan began coining money in his own name in A.H.804/1401 as part of assuming royal titles, four years before his death.royal state and titles; such as the white canopy and scarlet pavilion, and coining money: he caused public prayers to be read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 170)
• khutbaassumed · 1401Ferishta states Dilawur Khan caused the Friday prayers to be read in his own name in A.H.804/1401, the customary proclamation of independent kingship.royal state and titles; such as the white canopy and scarlet pavilion, and coining money: he caused public prayers to be read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 170)
• titleassumed · 1401Ferishta records that Dilawur Khan, at his son's urging, formally assumed royal state and titles in A.H.804/1401, four years before his death — his first move from governor to sovereign in the archive's telling.royal state and titles; such as the white canopy and scarlet pavilion, and coining money: he caused public prayers to be read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 170)

Ghazni Khan (Sultan Muhammad Ghuri)

• throneassumed · 1432Ferishta states Ghizny Khan was crowned at Mando two days after his father Hooshung's death, taking the throne under the new royal name Sooltan Mahomed Ghoory.Two days after the death of Sooltan Hooshung, Ghizny Khan was crowned at Mando, and assuming the title of Sooltan Mahomed Ghoory (vol. IV, p. 191)
• titleassumed · 1432Ferishta records that on his coronation Ghizny Khan assumed the royal name/title Sooltan Mahomed Ghoory, the name by which the chapter heading itself identifies him.and assuming the title of Sooltan Mahomed Ghoory, ordered that his capital might henceforth be called Shadiabad Mando (vol. IV, p. 191)
• khutbaassumed · 1432Ferishta states that public prayers (the khutba) were read in Ghizny Khan's name immediately upon his coronation, business otherwise continuing unchanged under the same ministers.public prayers were read and coin struck in his name. (vol. IV, p. 191)
• coinassumed · 1432Ferishta states coin was struck in Ghizny Khan's name at his coronation, alongside the khutba, the standard pair of sovereignty acts.public prayers were read and coin struck in his name. (vol. IV, p. 191)

Mahmud Khalji I

• khutbaassumed · 1435Ferishta states that at Mahmood Khan's accession as Sooltan Mahmood Khiljy in A.H.839/1435, public prayers were read in his name as part of his coronation at Mando.At the same time public prayers were read, and coin was struck in his name (vol. IV, p. 196)
• coinassumed · 1435Ferishta states coin was struck in Mahmood Khiljy's name at his A.H.839/1435 coronation, alongside the khutba.At the same time public prayers were read, and coin was struck in his name (vol. IV, p. 196)

Qadir Shah (Mallu Khan)

• robegranted by Sheer Shah Soor, King of Delhi · 1445Ferishta states that when Kadur Shah threw himself on Sheer Shah's mercy near Sarungpoor, Sheer Shah honoured him with the very robe he had worn at their meeting — a khilat of honour — though within days demoted him to a governorship and then expelled him, so the honour proved hollow.was allowed to sleep in his private tent, and was presented with the dress which Sheer Shah wore at their meeting. (vol. IV, p. 272)
• throneassumedFerishta states that Mulloo Khan, an officer of the former Khilji government, retook Malwa from Humayun Padshah's officers and had himself crowned at Mando under the self-assumed royal name Kadur Shah — a usurper's self-coronation, not a hereditary succession.he caused himself to be crowned in Mando, under the title of Kadur Shah of Malwa. (vol. IV, p. 271)
• titleassumedFerishta states the same act by which Mulloo Khan took the throne of Malwa also gave him the royal name Kadur Shah, by which he is called for the rest of the chapter.he caused himself to be crowned in Mando, under the title of Kadur Shah of Malwa. (vol. IV, p. 271)

Nasiruddin Khalji

• canopygranted by Ghiyasuddin Khalji · 1469Ferishta states that on naming his son Abdool Kadur (titled Sooltan Nasir-ood-Deen) heir-apparent and prime minister, Gheias-ood-Deen conferred on him a chutr (canopy) and palanquin along with an estate and command of 12,000 cavalry — insignia marking heir status short of the throne itself.conferring on him, also, at the same time, a chutr and palky, an estate for his support, and the command of a body of twelve thousand cavalry. (vol. IV, p. 236)
• throneassumed · 1500Ferishta dates Nasir-ood-Deen's formal enthronement to A.H.906/1500, days after he had his rival brother Alla-ood-Deen and his household put to death and his ailing father was found dead.On the 27th of Rubbee-oos-Sany, of the year 906, Nasir-ood-Deen ascended the throne of Malwa. (vol. IV, p. 240)

Baz Bahadur

• titleassumed · 1554Ferishta states that immediately on his father Shooja Khan's death in A.H.962/1554, Bayezeed assumed the title Baz Bahadur and took charge of government, ahead of his formal coronation the following year.He died in the year 962; and his eldest son, assuming the title of Baz Bahadur, took the reins of government into his hands. (vol. IV, p. 275)
• throneassumed · 1555Ferishta dates Bayezeed's formal coronation as Sooltan Baz Bahadur to A.H.963/1555, after he had eliminated his rival brother Dowlut Khan (sending his head to Sarungpoor) and taken most of Malwa's previously semi-independent towns.in the year 963 Bayezeed was crowned, under the title of Sooltan Baz Bahadur. (vol. IV, p. 276)

Shams-ud-din (Shah Mir)

• titleassumedFerishta states that on the death of Raja Sena Dew, Shah Meer married the widow and proclaimed himself king under this regnal title — the archive's first Kashmir instance of a minister assuming the royal name outright.The ministers marries his widow, and proclaims himself King under the title of Shums-ood-Deen (vol. IV, p. 451)

Jamshid

• throneassumed · 1349Ferishta records that on Shams-ud-din's death his eldest son Jumsheed, backed by many nobles, ascended the throne of Kashmir.On the death of Shums-ood-Deen, his eldest son, Jumsheed, aided by many of the nobles, ascended the throne (vol. IV, p. 455)

Ala-ud-din (Ali Sher)

• throneassumedFerishta frames this as a rival, soldier-backed self-proclamation against his elder brother Jumsheed, touching off the civil war that follows on the same page — the page itself treats the claim as contested rather than settled.the soldiery being attached to his younger brother, Ally Sheer, induced him to proclaim himself at the town of Mednypoor (vol. IV, p. 455)
• titleassumedFerishta records that on Jumsheed's death Ally Sheer was formally proclaimed king under this regnal title, closing the civil war begun on p. 455.On the death of Jumsheed, Ally Sheer was proclaimed King, under the title of Alla-ood-Deen (vol. IV, p. 457)

Shihab-ud-din (Siamuk)

• titleassumed · 1363Ferishta records that Siamook succeeded his brother and took this regnal title on his accession.On the death of his elder brother, Siamook succeeded to the government, with the title of Shahab-ood-Deen (vol. IV, p. 458)

Qutb-ud-din (Hindal)

• titleassumedFerishta records that Hindal succeeded his brother Shahab-ood-Deen and assumed this regnal title on ascending the throne.On the death of Shahab-ood-Deen, his brother Hindal ascending the throne, assumed the title of Kootb-ood-Deen (vol. IV, p. 460)

Sikandar Butshikan

• titleassumedFerishta records that Kootb-ood-Deen's son Sugga assumed this regnal title on his accession, before separately acquiring the epithet 'Bootshikun' (Iconoclast) for his image-breaking.Kootb-ood-Deen was succeeded by his son Sugga, who assumed the title of Sikundur (vol. IV, p. 462)

Ali Shah

• titlegranted by Sikandar Butshikan · 1416Ferishta records that the dying Sikundur, blessing his three sons, named Ameer Khan his successor and bestowed on him this regnal title before expiring.declaring Ameer Khan his successor, with the title of Ally Shah, he died A. H. 819 (vol. IV, p. 466)
• titleassumed · 1416Ferishta records that, in veneration of his father's memory, Ameer Khan was formally acknowledged king of Kashmir under this title on his own accession, confirming the deathbed grant of p. 466.In consequence of the veneration for the memory of Sikundur, his eldest son, Ameer Khan, was acknowledged King of Kashmeer, under the title of Ally (vol. IV, p. 467)

Zain-ul-Abidin

• titleassumedFerishta records that Shady Khan ascended the throne and took this regnal title on his accession.Shady Khan ascended the throne under the title of Zein-ool-Abid-Deen (vol. IV, p. 469)

Haidar Shah

• titleassumedFerishta records that Hajy Khan, the king's second son, took this regnal title on his coronation.his second son, Hajy Khan, was crowned at Sikundurpoor by his brother Beiram, and assumed the title of Heidur (vol. IV, p. 475)
• thronegranted by his brother Beiram (Khan)Ferishta states the actual crowning at Sikundurpoor was performed by Hajy Khan's own brother Beiram, distinct from his self-assumed regnal title in the same sentence.his second son, Hajy Khan, was crowned at Sikundurpoor by his brother Beiram, and assumed the title of Heidur (vol. IV, p. 475)

Hasan Shah

• thronegranted by Haidar ShahFerishta records that Heidur's first act was to raise his own son Hussun Khan to high office and proclaim him heir to the crown — a designation of succession, not yet a full enthronement.bestowing upon him, at the same time, the district of Gujraj as an estate for life, and proclaiming him heir to the crown (vol. IV, p. 475)
• throneassumedFerishta's chapter argument states plainly that Hussun ascended the throne of his father Heidur, with the aid of one Ahmud Ahoo, though his title was afterwards disputed by his uncle Beiram Khan.Ascends the throne—his title disputed by his uncle, Beiram Khan (vol. IV, p. 477)

Muhammad Shah

• thronegranted by Abdal Makry, ministerFerishta records that Abdal Makry, having occupied Kashmir and condemned Mullik Atchy for confining the old king, sent for Mahomed from Lohkote and restored him to the government for a fourth time.having sent for that monarch from Lohkote, reinstated him in the government a fourth time (vol. IV, p. 492)

Fath Shah

• throneassumed · 1496Ferishta records that on Mahomed's imprisonment, Futteh Khan formally assumed the reins of government and was crowned and acknowledged king of Kashmir in this year.Futteh Khan, assuming the reins of government, and being formally crowned, was acknowledged King of Kashmeer in the year 902 (vol. IV, p. 486)

Ibrahim Shah

• thronegranted by Mullik Atchy (Chuk), minister · 1525Ferishta records that the minister Mullik Atchy, having deposed King Mahomed, raised the minister's own protege Prince Ibrahim to the Kashmir throne in this year.he raised his son, the Prince Ibrahim, lately arrived from Dehly, to the throne of Kashmeer, in the beginning of the year 932 (vol. IV, p. 491)

Nazuk Shah

• thronegranted by the Delhi army of Hoomayoon Padshah (Humayun) · 1525Ferishta records that after the Delhi army's victory at Sullah it marched on Serinuggur and placed Ibrahim's son Nazook on the throne, the Kashmiris welcoming him for fear the country would otherwise fall directly under Delhi's rule.the Dehly army marched to Serinuggur, and placed on the throne Nazook, the son of Ibrahim, and grandson to Mahomed (vol. IV, p. 492)

Ibrahim (II)

• thronegranted by the Kashmir factions (the Kapoory and Kamy tribal chiefs)Ferishta records that after two months of factional dissension among the Kashmir tribes following Nazook's restoration, Nazook was deposed a second time and his brother Ibrahim raised to the throne in his place — the archive treats this as Ibrahim's second reign.at the end of two months after the accession of Nazook he was deposed a second time, and his brother Ibrahim was raised to the throne in his stead (vol. IV, p. 504)

Ismail Shah (II)

• thronegranted by Ghazy Khan (Chuk) and his party · 1555Ferishta records that Ghazy Khan, having deposed and blinded Ibrahim, established Ibrahim's brother Ismael on the Kashmir throne in this year.in the year 963 he established upon the throne of Kashmeer Ismael, the brother of the late King Ibrahim (vol. IV, p. 507)

Habib Shah

• throneinheritedFerishta records that on Ismael's death his son Hubeeb was placed on the throne in his stead.Ismael died two years after his accession, and his son Hubeeb was placed on the throne in his stead (vol. IV, p. 508)

Ghazi Shah Chak

• khutbaassumedFerishta records that Ghazy Chuk, having imprisoned King Hubeeb, declared himself king and had the Friday prayer read in his own name, alongside striking coin — the archive's clearest khutba-as-usurpation instance for this house.Ghazy Chuk, imprisoning him, declared himself king, and caused public prayers to be read, and coin to be struck, in his name (vol. IV, p. 513)
• coinassumedFerishta pairs coin-striking with the khutba as the two acts by which Ghazy Chuk made his usurpation official on imprisoning Hubeeb.Ghazy Chuk, imprisoning him, declared himself king, and caused public prayers to be read, and coin to be struck, in his name (vol. IV, p. 513)

Husain Shah Chak

• thronegranted by Ghazi Shah Chak · 1563Ferishta records that Ghazy Shah, blinded by leprosy and fearing a succession dispute between his brother and son, forestalled it by abdicating the throne directly in his brother Hoossein Khan's favour.he returned to Serinuggur, and secured the succession to his brother, Hoossein Khan, by abdicating the throne in his favour, after a short reign of four years (vol. IV, p. 514)

Ali Shah Chak

• throneassumedFerishta records that on Hoossein's death his brother Ally was formally crowned at Serinuggur, with the outgoing minister Dookna handing him the seals of office.On the death of Hoossein, his brother Ally was formally crowned at Serinuggur (vol. IV, p. 521)

Yusuf Shah Chak

• throneinheritedFerishta records that on Ally's death he was succeeded by his son Yoosoof, while Ally's brother Abdal Khan withdrew from court in apprehension of his nephew.On the death of Ally he was succeeded by his son Yoosoof (vol. IV, p. 524)

Yaqub Shah Chak

• throneinherited · 1586Ferishta records that Yakoob succeeded to the Kashmir throne because his father Yoosoof was then detained at Akbar's court in Delhi — the last indigenous accession in the house before Akbar's conquest completes on the following pages.Yakoob, who had now succeeded to the throne, in consequence of his father's detention at the court of Dehly, collected an army and occupied the passes (vol. IV, p. 529)

Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah

• titleassumedBriggs's Ferishta states that when Mullik Fukhr-ood-Deen killed Kuddur Khan, the Dehli-appointed governor of Bengal, he 'proclaimed himself king, and declared his independence from the throne of Dehly' — presented as the founding act of an independent Bengal sultanate.When Mullik Fukhr-ood Deen put to death Kuddur Khan, the governor of Bengal, in the reign of Toghluk, he proclaimed himself king, and declared his independence from the throne of Dehly. (vol. IV, p. 328)

Shams-ud-din Ilyas Shah

• titleassumedFerishta records that on Alla-ood-Deen's death, Hajy Elias assumed the title of Shums-ood-Deen Poorby Bhungera as King of Bengal, in the same sentence that has him order the khutba read and coin struck in his name — Briggs treats the three acts as one accession event.On the death of Alla-ood-Deen, Haji Elias assumed the title of Shums-ood-Deen Poorby Bhungera, and caused the public prayers to be read, and money to be coined, in his name, as King of Bengal. (vol. IV, p. 331)
• khutbaassumedSame sentence as the title and coin rows: Ferishta has Hajy Elias order the public (Friday) prayers read in his own name as King of Bengal upon his accession.On the death of Alla-ood-Deen, Haji Elias assumed the title of Shums-ood-Deen Poorby Bhungera, and caused the public prayers to be read, and money to be coined, in his name, as King of Bengal. (vol. IV, p. 331)
• coinassumedSame sentence as the title and khutba rows: Ferishta has Hajy Elias order coin struck in his own name as King of Bengal upon his accession.On the death of Alla-ood-Deen, Haji Elias assumed the title of Shums-ood-Deen Poorby Bhungera, and caused the public prayers to be read, and money to be coined, in his name, as King of Bengal. (vol. IV, p. 331)

Sultan-us-Salatin (Bengal)

• thronegranted by the noblesFerishta records that on Gheias-ood-Deen's death the nobles elevated his son to the throne — the throne act and the royal title (King of Kings) are conferred together in one sentence.On the death of Gheias-ood-Deen, the nobles elevated his son to the throne, under the title of Sooltan-oos-Sullateen (or the King of Kings). (vol. IV, p. 335)
• titlegranted by the noblesThe same sentence that elevates him to the throne also confers the title Sooltan-oos-Sullateen ('the King of Kings') on him, per Ferishta as rendered by Briggs.On the death of Gheias-ood-Deen, the nobles elevated his son to the throne, under the title of Sooltan-oos-Sullateen (or the King of Kings). (vol. IV, p. 335)

Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah

• titleassumedFerishta records that after Raja Jeetmul renounced Hinduism for Islam before assembled Muslim witnesses, he was 'at the same time entitled Julal-ood-Deen' — the title is bestowed as part of the conversion ceremony, not separately granted by a named authority.He was at the same time entitled Julal-ood-Deen; and after ascending the throne, he ruled with such justice, that he became entitled to the appellation of the Nowsherwan of the age. (vol. IV, p. 337)
• throneassumedSame sentence as the title row: Ferishta has Jeetmul/Julal-ood-Deen ascend the throne immediately after his officers accept him as king regardless of his choice of religion.He was at the same time entitled Julal-ood-Deen; and after ascending the throne, he ruled with such justice, that he became entitled to the appellation of the Nowsherwan of the age. (vol. IV, p. 337)

Saifuddin Firuz Shah

• titlegranted by the noblesFerishta records that the nobles elevated Mullik Andeel to the Bengal throne with the title of Feroze Poorby, after which he took up residence at Gour — title and throne conferred together by the nobility.The nobles having elevated Mullik Andeel, with the title of Feroze Poorby, to the throne of Bengal, he repaired to the city of Gour, where he gave universal satisfaction to all classes of his subjects for a period of thirteen years, and died A.H. 899. (vol. IV, p. 344)
• thronegranted by the noblesSame sentence as the title row: the nobles elevate Mullik Andeel to the throne of Bengal as Feroze Poorby.The nobles having elevated Mullik Andeel, with the title of Feroze Poorby, to the throne of Bengal, he repaired to the city of Gour, where he gave universal satisfaction to all classes of his subjects for a period of thirteen years, and died A.H. 899. (vol. IV, p. 344)

Sikandar Shah

• thronegranted by the nobles of the stateFerishta states that on Shums-ood-Deen Poorby's death, the nobles of the state elevated his eldest son Sikundur to the throne three days later — a throne-granting act performed by the nobility rather than by any named ruler.On the death of Shums-ood-Deen, the nobles of the state elevated his eldest son to the throne three days afterwards. (vol. IV, p. 334)

Sher Shah Suri

• titleassumedBriggs's Ferishta states plainly that on reoccupying Bengal, Sheer Khan took the royal title of Shah — the moment the text treats as his formal kingship, distinct from his earlier status as a provincial strongman.the reoccupation of Bengal, Sheer Khan assumed the title of Shah, or King, and causing coin to be struck, and public prayers to be read in his name, marched the next year with an army towards Agra. (vol. II, p. 118)
• coinassumedFerishta pairs the striking of coin with the assumption of royal title and the khutba as the three simultaneous acts by which Sheer Khan converted de facto rule into formal sovereignty.the reoccupation of Bengal, Sheer Khan assumed the title of Shah, or King, and causing coin to be struck, and public prayers to be read in his name, marched the next year with an army towards Agra. (vol. II, p. 118)
• khutbaassumedFerishta records 'public prayers to be read in his name' as the khutba component of the same enthronement act described for the title and the coinage.the reoccupation of Bengal, Sheer Khan assumed the title of Shah, or King, and causing coin to be struck, and public prayers to be read in his name, marched the next year with an army towards Agra. (vol. II, p. 118)

Shaikh Yusuf Qureshi

• khutbagranted by the inhabitants of Mooltan, who assembled and elected him · 1443Briggs's Ferishta states that when the people of Mooltan chose Sheikh Yoosoof as ruler in A.H. 847/A.D. 1443, the khutba (public prayers) was read in his name as part of installing him as ruler.assembled in the year 847, and selected Sheikh Yoosoof, a man of learning, one wisdom, and high character, of the tribe of Kooreish, to be ruler over the people of Mooltan and Oocha, when the public prayers were read, and money coined, in his name. (vol. IV, p. 380)
• coingranted by the inhabitants of Mooltan, who assembled and elected him · 1443In the same sentence recording the khutba, Ferishta states coin was struck in Sheikh Yoosoof's name at his installation as ruler of Mooltan and Oocha, A.H. 847/A.D. 1443.assembled in the year 847, and selected Sheikh Yoosoof, a man of learning, one wisdom, and high character, of the tribe of Kooreish, to be ruler over the people of Mooltan and Oocha, when the public prayers were read, and money coined, in his name. (vol. IV, p. 380)

Qutbuddin Rai Sahra Langah

• khutbaassumedFerishta records that Ray Sehra, having seized Sheikh Yoosoof, himself caused the khutba to be read in his own name under his assumed title Kootb-ood-Deen Mahmood Lunga.Ray Sehra, having secured the person of Sheikh Yoosoof, caused the public prayers to be read in his name, under the title of Kootb-ood-Deen Mahmood Lunga; and the inhabitants of Mooltan submitted to his government without murmur or discontent. (vol. IV, p. 383)
• titleassumedFerishta gives the assumed royal title as Kootb-ood-Deen Mahmood Lunga and the reign as two years (from p.380's 847 to p.384's 874, i.e. distinguishes 16 as Kootb-ood-Deen's own successor's reign); a footnote on p.384 notes Sheikh Aboolfuzl's Ayeen Akburry instead calls him simply 'a foreigner' styled Mahmood Shah and gives Sheikh Yoosoof seventeen years' reign instead of two, so the exact title and chronology are disputed between sources.Ray Sehra, having secured the person of Sheikh Yoosoof, caused the public prayers to be read in his name, under the title of Kootb-ood-Deen Mahmood Lunga; and the inhabitants of Mooltan submitted to his government without murmur or discontent. (vol. IV, p. 383)

Husain Shah Langah I

• khutbagranted by the principal nobles in MooltanFerishta states that on Kootb-ood-Deen Lunga's death the principal nobles of Mooltan elected his son Hoossein to succeed him and had the khutba read in his name.After the death of Kootb-ood-Deen Lunga, the principal nobles in Mooltan elected his son Hoossein to succeed him, and the public prayers were read in his name. (vol. IV, p. 385)

Mahmud Shah Langah

• thronegranted by Jam Bayezeed, the prime minister, in concert with the other nobles · 1502Ferishta records that the day after Hoossein Lunga's death (26 Suffur, A.H. 908/29 Aug. A.D. 1502, dated on p.391), the prime minister Jam Bayezeed, with the other nobles, seated the heir-apparent Mahmood Khan on the throne.On the day after the death of Hoossein Lunga, Jam Bayezeed, the prime minister, in concert with the other nobles, placed Mahmood Khan, the heir-apparent, on the throne; but this youth being very young, and silly withal, chose the society of low fellows. (vol. IV, p. 393)

Husain Shah Langah II

• thronegranted by the ameers of Mooltan · 1524Ferishta states that on Mahmood Lunga's death (A.H. 931/A.D. 1524, dated on p.397) the ameers raised his young son to the throne, though the text stresses the boy was 'only a pageant' in the hands of his brother-in-law and protector Shooja-ool-Moolk.the ameers raised the son of the late King, although a minor, to the throne, under the name of Hoossein Lunga II. (vol. IV, p. 398)
• titlegranted by the ameers of Mooltan · 1524The same sentence recording his enthronement gives him the regnal name/title Hoossein Lunga II, distinguishing him as the second ruler of that name in the house.the ameers raised the son of the late King, although a minor, to the throne, under the name of Hoossein Lunga II. (vol. IV, p. 398)

Shah Beg Arghun

• titleassumedBriggs's Ferishta states that after subduing Sind, Shah Beg 'settled himself as king in that country' rather than ruling in Jam Feroze's or Sulah-ood-Deen's name as before — Ferishta's own wording is 'settled himself as king,' not the archive's stricter 'assumed the title,' so this is logged as a title-assumption act on looser phrasing. The verifier reads the sentence as looser than the sign/act encoding; kept as contested.and having subdued Sind, settled himself as king in that country. (vol. IV, p. 433)

Shah Hasan Arghun

• throneinheritedBriggs's Ferishta chapter heading states plainly that Shah Hoossein (Shah Hasan) 'ascends his father's throne' on Shah Beg's death, before going on to complete the subjugation of Sind — the page states the act without hedging.Shah Hoossein ascends his father's throne—completes the subjugation of Sind—takes Mooltan, which is retaken by the inhabitants. (vol. IV, p. 435)

Mirza Isa Tarkhan

• titleassumedBriggs's Ferishta states that on the government of Sind splitting between Mahmood of Bhukkur and Mirza Eesy (Isa) Turkhan of Tutta, 'who both assumed the title of king' — a joint act; Mahmood of Bhukkur is not one of this house's tracked entities, so only the Tarkhan half of the sentence is logged here.Mahmood the governor of Bhukkur, and Mirza Eesy Turkhan governor of Tutta; who both assumed the title of king, and between whom frequent dissensions arose, and battles were fought. (vol. IV, p. 437)