Everything on Rajasthan

Regional Divisions

52 items

• Amber and the Mughals: A Marriage the Primaries Leave Unnamed — essay · Amber — the Kachhwaha house · 14 sources
  In the spring of 1562, at a camp near the salt lake of Sambhar, the Mughal emperor Akbar married a Rajput princess whose personal name appears in neither of the two accounts written closest to the event. Abu'l-Fazl's Akbarnama calls her only his sovereign's "fortunate daughter" [akbarnama-p243]; the Ain-i-Akbari, in Blochmann's translation, records merely that "Akbar received the Rájah's daughter at Sambhar" [ain-p329]. Her father was Raja Bihari Mal of the Kachhwaha house of Amber — Bihari Lal in the district gazetteer's spelling [gazetteer-p136] — the first Rajput chief to enter Akbar's service. What the primaries withhold, later tradition supplied: a popular name, a precise date, and a story. This essay follows what can actually be traced, source by source, and marks where tradition and record part company.

• Amber — the Kachhwaha House — Dynasty · seat of the Rajawat Kachhwahas; in Mughal service from the 1560s · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  The Rajput house whose chief was, in Blochmann’s words, “the first Rájpút that joined Akbar’s Court” — and whose alliance became the template for every Mughal–Rajput arrangement after it.
• Raja Bihari Mal of Amber — Person · chief of Amber; died at Agra · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Called Bharmal in later usage and Bihari Mall in the Mughal registers — the chief whose entry into Akbar’s service in the early 1560s opened the Mughal–Rajput alliance system.
• Raja Man Singh I of Amber — Person · grandson of Bihari Mal; commander under Akbar and Jahangir · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Bihari Mal’s grandson, and the ceiling of what the alliance could deliver: the first man to hold a command of Seven Thousand, the highest rank Akbar’s system allowed outside his own sons.
• Mewar — the Sisodia house — Dynasty · seat of the Sisodias at Chittor, then Udaipur · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Alone among the great Rajput houses, the Sisodia ranas of Mewar refused matrimonial alliance with the Mughal imperial house — a refusal Tod records as holding from Rana Pratap's generation to the close of Mughal rule, and one that survived even Rana Amar Singh's submission to Jahangir.
• Bhagwant Das (Bhagwandas) — Person · r. c. 1575 – 1592 · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Son and successor of Bharmal as raja of Amber from c. 1575, allied further with the Mughal dynasty by giving a daughter in marriage to Prince Salim, later Jahangir; succeeded by his nephew (adopted son, per Tod's own footnote) Man Singh.
• Bhao Singh — Person · r. c. 1615 – 1621 · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Son and successor of Man Singh I as raja of Amber from c. 1615, invested with the Panjhazari (mansab of five thousand); died in A.H. 1030 of excessive drinking, and was succeeded by Maha Singh.
• Maha Singh — Person · r. c. 1621 – 1625 · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Succeeded Bhao Singh as raja of Amber c. 1621; like his predecessor, died from dissipated habits, after which Jai Singh (Mirza Raja) was installed on the gaddi of Amber by the emperor Jahangir at Jodha Bai's instigation.
• Jai Singh I (Mirza Raja) — Person · r. c. 1625 – 1667 · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Raised to the throne of Amber c. 1625 by the emperor Jahangir at Jodha Bai's instigation, restoring the Kachhwaha house's standing after Bhao Singh and Maha Singh; murdered by poison mixed into his opium by his own son Kirat Singh at Aurangzeb's instigation in 1667, and succeeded by his elder son Ram Singh.
• Sawai Jai Singh II — Person · r. 1699 – 1743 · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Styled Jai II and better known as Sawai Jai Singh to distinguish him from the first Jai Singh (Mirza Raja); succeeded to the gaddi of Amber in S. 1755 (A.D. 1699), in the forty-fourth year of Aurangzeb's reign.
• Prithiraj Amber — Person · named on the page as father of bhim-amber · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Tod hedges this himself: 'The record is obscure, but it would appear that...' — the parricide narrative is presented as uncertain tradition, not settled fact.
• Bhim Amber — Person · named on the page as child of Prithiraj Amber · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Tod hedges this himself: 'The record is obscure, but it would appear that...' — the parricide narrative is presented as uncertain tradition, not settled fact.
• Askaran Amber — Person · named on the page as child of Bhim Amber · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Same obscure passage as the Prithiraj→Bhim link; Tod flags the whole episode as unclear tradition.
• Jagat Singh Amber I — Person · named on the page as father of Raja Man Singh I of Amber · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  This Jagat Singh is identified as one of Bhagwandas's three brothers, so father, not the adoptive-father role the main text assigns Bhagwandas (see modeNote on Man Singh's succession).
• Ram Singh I — Person · named on the page as child of Jai Singh I (Mirza Raja) · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Named on the page only as child of Jai Singh I (Mirza Raja).
• Kirat Singh Amber — Person · named on the page as child of Jai Singh I (Mirza Raja) · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Kirat Singh murdered his father Jai Singh (Mirza Raja) at Aurangzeb's instigation but was given only the district of Kama, not the gaddi of Amber; not a ruler of Amber, included for the parent link only.
• Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh I) — Person · r. 1509 – 1527 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Sanga succeeded as the third of Rana Raemall's sons after his two elder brothers died in non-age, acceding in S. 1565 (A.D. 1509), and was succeeded by his son Ratan Singh II.
• Ratan Singh II — Person · r. 1530 – 1531 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Ratan Singh II succeeded his father Rana Sanga and, after a five-year reign, was killed by mutual sword-blows with the Hara prince of Bundi during the Aheria hunting festival, a feud provoked by a broken marriage arrangement.
• Vikramaditya of Mewar — Person · r. 1531 – 1535 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Vikramaditya succeeded his brother Ratan Singh II; his rule ended amid noble unrest, and his death was announced by the cries of the females as the changi was raised over the head of Banbir.
• Banbir (Vanvir) — Person · r. 1535 – 1537 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Banbir, an illegitimate son of Prithiraj (son of Rana Raemall), was raised to the throne of Chitor by Mewar's nobles after Vikramaditya's death, and was deposed when the concealed heir Udai Singh was revealed, after which he was permitted to retire with his family to the Deccan.
• Udai Singh II — Person · r. 1541 – 1572 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Udai Singh II, a son of Rana Sanga hidden in infancy from Banbir, was restored to the throne of Mewar (ascending in S. 1597, A.D. 1541-2) and died at Gogunda four years after the loss of Chitor, at the age of forty-two.
• Rana Pratap (Pratap Singh) — Person · r. 1572 – 1597 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Pratap was girded with the sword and hailed king of Mewar by the hereditary premier and nobles in place of his father's brief nominee Jagmall, and died content after urging his chiefs never to build permanent dwellings until Mewar's independence was recovered.
• Amar Singh I — Person · r. 1597 – 1620 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Amar Singh I, whom his father Pratap had already marked as his son and eldest heir, succeeded him in S. 1653 (A.D. 1597), and in old age abdicated by placing the tika on his own son Karan Singh II's forehead before retiring to the Nauchauki palace until his death.
• Karan Singh II — Person · r. 1621 – 1628 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Karan Singh II was designated heir by his father Amar Singh I's abdication, succeeded in S. 1677 (A.D. 1621), and died after eight years of tranquil rule, being succeeded by his son Jagat Singh I.
• Jagat Singh I — Person · r. 1628 – 1652 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Jagat Singh I succeeded his father Karan Singh II in S. 1684 (A.D. 1628) and, after a reign devoted to building at Udaipur, was succeeded by the elder of his two sons by a princess of Marwar, Raj Singh.
• Raj Singh I — Person · r. 1654 – 1680 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Raj Singh I, the elder of Jagat Singh I's two sons, mounted the throne of Mewar in S. 1710 (A.D. 1654) and was succeeded by Jai Singh.
• Jai Singh — Person · r. 1681 – 1698 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Jai Singh took possession of the Gaddi of Mewar in S. 1737 (A.D. 1681) succeeding Raj Singh I; after his son Amar Singh II's rebellion was settled by a treaty at the shrine of Eklinga, his reign closed some twenty years after his accession.
• Amar Singh II — Person · r. 1700 – 1710 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Amar Singh II, son of Jai Singh, rebelled against his father and was reconciled by a treaty at the shrine of Eklinga before succeeding him as Rana in S. 1756 (A.D. 1700), dying in A.D. 1710.
• Sangram Singh II — Person · r. 1710 – 1734 · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Sangram Singh II succeeded Amar Singh II as Rana of Mewar in 1710, the year Crooke's bracketed correction gives against Tod's own stated 1716.
• Prithiraj Mewar — Person · named on the page as father of Banbir (Vanvir) · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Illegitimate son; Prithiraj was a son of Rana Raemall and brother of Rana Sanga, not a register ruler of this sweep.
• Bishan Singh — Person · Raja of Amber between Ram Singh I and Sawai Jai Singh II; no accession year is printed on the page read · Amber — the Kachhwaha house
  Raja of Amber between Ram Singh I and Sawai Jai Singh II; Tod's page (p. 1341) gives no year for his accession.
• Rana Raimal — Person · named on the page as the Rana whom Sanga succeeded · Mewar — the Sisodia house
  Named on Tod's page only as the Rana of Mewar whom Sanga succeeded in 1509.
• Marwar — the Rathore Rajas — Dynasty · 1459 – 1949 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  from is the founding of Jodhpur itself by Rao Jodha in 1459, which became the Rathore state's enduring seat; Wikipedia's Marwar article separately states Rathore rule at Marwar (from Mandore) began more vaguely 'in the 13th century', too imprecise to date as an alternative year.
• Jodha — Person · r. 1444 – 1488 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Jodha succeeded his father Ranmall as Rao of Marwar in 1444 and in 1459 founded Jodhpur, transferring the seat of government there from Mandor.
• Satal — Person · r. 1488 – 1491 (contested) · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Satal, Jodha's eldest son, held Satalmer after his father's death in 1488 until he was killed in action against a Sahariya raider in 1491, though Crooke's footnote doubts he ever actually occupied the Marwar gaddi.
• Suja — Person · r. 1491 – 1516 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Suja (Surajmall), Jodha's son, took the gaddi in 1491 (a genealogical table says he 'succeeded Jodha' outright) and died in 1516 leading the pursuit that rescued Rajput women abducted by a Pathan raiding party at Pipar.
• Ganga — Person · r. 1516 – 1532 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Ganga, grandson of Suja through his son Bhaga, succeeded his grandfather in 1516 after defeating a rival uncle's bid for the throne, and died in 1532, by one unconfirmed account by poison.
• Maldeo — Person · r. 1532 – 1569 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Maldeo succeeded his father Ganga in 1532, built Marwar into the most powerful state in Rajputana, submitted to Mughal supremacy late in life, and died in 1569.
• Udai Singh (Mota Raja) — Person · r. 1584 – 1595 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Udai Singh, Maldeo's son, was formally seated on the gaddi in 1584 after his brother Chandrasen's death, having already secured Akbar's favour and the title Mota Raja, and reigned until 1595.
• Sur Singh — Person · r. 1595 – 1620 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Sur Singh, Udai Singh's son, succeeded in 1595 while serving the Mughals at Lahore and died in the Deccan in 1620.
• Gaj Singh — Person · r. 1620 – 1638 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Gaj Singh succeeded his father Sur Singh in 1620, was invested by imperial proxy at Burhanpur, and was slain on a Gujarat expedition in 1638.
• Jaswant Singh — Person · r. 1638 – 1678 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Jaswant Singh, Gaj Singh's second son, succeeded in 1638 ahead of his elder brother Amra Singh, another instance of primogeniture set aside in Marwar, and reigned until 1678.
• Ajit Singh — Person · r. 1707 – 1724 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Ajit Singh, Jaswant Singh's posthumous son, was hidden as an infant through decades of Mughal occupation and only received the tilak of sovereignty at Jodhpur in 1707 on Aurangzeb's death; he was murdered by his own son Abhai Singh in 1724.
• Abhai Singh — Person · r. 1724 – 1750 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Abhai Singh was invested with his father Ajit Singh's dignities by the emperor Muhammad Shah in 1724, immediately after Ajit's murder, and reigned until 1750.
• Ram Singh — Person · r. 1750 – 1752 (deposed) · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Ram Singh succeeded his father Abhai Singh in 1750, but was defeated by his uncle Bakht Singh in a civil war and driven from Jodhpur in 1752.
• Bakht Singh — Person · r. 1752 – 1753 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Bakht Singh, Ajit Singh's son, took Jodhpur from his nephew Ram Singh by force in 1752 and died, reportedly poisoned, in 1753.
• Bijai Singh — Person · r. 1753 – 1793 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Bijai Singh succeeded his father Bakht Singh in 1753 at about twenty years old, his accession acknowledged by the emperor and neighbouring princes, and died in 1793 after a thirty-one-year reign.
• Bhim Singh — Person · r. 1793 – 1803 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Bhim Singh, Bijai Singh's grandson, raced to Jodhpur on his grandfather's death in 1793 and seated himself on the gaddi ahead of the rightful heir Zalim Singh; he reigned until 1803.
• Man Singh — Person · r. 1803 – 1843 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Man Singh succeeded to the honours and feuds of Bijai Singh in 1803/1804, on news of Bhim Singh's death, after eleven years defending Jalor as a hunted claimant.
• Ranmall — Person · named on the page as father of Jodha · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Named on the page only as father of Jodha.
• Bhaga Rathore Marwar — Person · named on the page as father of Ganga · Marwar — the Rathore house
  Bhaga, Suja's son, predeceased Suja without ruling; Ganga was Suja's grandson through him.
• Rao Chandrasen — Person · r. 1569 – 1584 · Marwar — the Rathore house
  'we may reckon that he was, though junior, the choice both of his father and the nobles, who did not approve of Udai Singh's submission to Akbar' — said of Udai Singh's rival claim, implying Chandarsen was the family/noble favourite over Udai Singh, though no single sentence gives Chandarsen a formal installation.