Everything on Sindh & Baluchistan

Regional Divisions

52 items

• Sind — the Kalhora Dynasty — Dynasty · 1701 – 1783 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  1701 and 1783 mark the span of Kalhora rule in Sindh as given by the source; the capital moved from Khudabad to Hyderabad in 1768. Abdul Nabi Kalhoro, the last ruler, was overthrown in 1783, ceding power to the Talpurs. Imperial Gazetteer (2026-09-22): The Gazetteer's Sind provincial history dates Yar Muhammad Kalhora's seizure of Shikarpur and his imperial grant to about 1701, and the flight of the last Kalhora to Kalat as Mir Fateh Ali Talpur founded the new dynasty to 1783, both of which match the row's dates exactly; it also confirms Ghulam Shah Kalhora founded Hyderabad in 1768.
• Sind — the Talpur Mirs of Hyderabad — Dynasty · 1783 – 1843 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  1783 marks Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur's victory over the Kalhoras at Halani and his declaration as Rais of Sindh; 1843 marks the British defeat of the Hyderabad Mirs at the Battle of Miani, ending this branch. Imperial Gazetteer (2026-09-22): The Gazetteer's Hyderabad District (Sind) article marks 1783 as the point Sind's history 'assumes a foremost place' under Talpur rule and dates the battles of Miani and Dabo, which ended that rule, to 1843 — matching the row's 1783–1843 span.
• Sind — the Talpur Mirs of Khairpur — Dynasty · 1783 – 1947 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  1783 marks the separate founding of the Khairpur branch by Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur, nephew of the Hyderabad founder; this branch retained autonomy under British paramountcy as a princely state and acceded to Pakistan on 3 October 1947. Imperial Gazetteer (2026-09-22): The Gazetteer's Khairpur State article dates the branch's founding to 1783, when Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur split from the main (Hyderabad) Talpur line, and records 1832 as the year the British Government formally recognized Khairpur's separate individuality by treaty; it does not reach 1947 since the volume was published 1908–09.
• Kalat — the Khanate of Kalat — Dynasty · 1666 – 1948 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  1666 marks the khanate's formation in response to the threat of Mughal expansion; the state briefly declared independence on 11 August 1947 before formally acceding to Pakistan on 27 March 1948. Imperial Gazetteer (2026-09-22): The Gazetteer's Kalat State regnal list opens the dynasty with 'Mir Ahmad I, 1666-7', matching the row's founding year, and dates British protection to the treaties of 1854 and 1876 (not to 1948, which postdates the Gazetteer's 1908–09 publication).
• Bahawalpur — the Daudpotra Abbasi Nawabs — Dynasty · 1748 – 1947 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  1748 marks Bahawal Khan's founding of the Daudpotra state at Bahawalpur; the Nawab signed the instrument of accession to Pakistan on 5 October 1947, accepted on 9 October 1947. Imperial Gazetteer (2026-09-22): The Gazetteer's account of Bahawalpur town (vol. 6) dates its founding as the Daudputra Nawabs' capital, replacing Derawar, to 1748 by Nawab Bahawal Khan I, matching the row's current start date.
• Mian Yar Mahomed Kalhora (Khuda Yar Khan) — Person · r. 1708 – c. 1717 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Succeeded his father Nasir Mahomed in 1708; paid homage at the Mughal throne and was honoured with the title Khuda Yar Khan and a jahgir, on whose death his sons Nur Mahomed and Daud Khan contested the succession.
• Mian Nasir Mahomed Kalhora — Person · r. c. 1701 – 1708 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Raised to the headship of the Kalhora tribe after his father Din Mahomed was executed for rebellion against the Mughal governors of Sindh; made his peace with the imperial prince at Multan and was pardoned, dying about A.D. 1708 and passing the headship to his son Yar Mahomed.
• Mian Nur Mahomed Kalhora (Khuda Yar Khan, Shah Kuli Khan) — Person · r. 1717 – c. 1754 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Prevailed over his brother Daud Khan in a disputed succession and in A.D. 1717 obtained the title Khuda Yar Khan and the province of Sewistan from Emperor Mahomed Shah, later becoming governor of Tattah and being fined and confirmed by Nadir Shah, before fleeing and dying at the approach of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
• Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur — Person · r. c. 1783/1786 – 1801 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Led the Talpur tribe to power over the last Kalhora ruler, was nominated by the Durrani king Timur Shah as supreme authority (Rais) in Sindh, granted large independent tracts to his kinsmen Sohrab Khan and Tarrah Khan, and ruled Hyderabad until his death in 1801, when his three brothers divided the government as the 'Char Yar'.
• Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur — Person · founder, from c. 1783/1786 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Nephew of Fateh Ali Khan of Hyderabad; granted an independent tract in the north-east of Sindh around Khairpur when Fateh Ali Khan divided territory among the kinsmen who had helped him to power, founding the separate Khairpur branch of the Talpur Mirs.
• Mir Ahmad I — Person · r. 1666–7 (founder) · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Opens the Imperial Gazetteer's regnal list of the Khans of Kalat with an accession year of 1666–7, matching the khanate's founding date.
• Nasir Khan I — Person · r. 1750–1 – 1795 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Son of Abdulah Khan, deputed to rule Kalat by Ahmad Shah Durrani while his brother Muhabbat Khan was held captive at Kandahar, he reigned some forty years and died in June 1795, leaving the khanate to his fourteen-year-old son Mahmud Khan.
• Muhabbat Khan — Person · r. 1730–1 – detained captive by the Durranis · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Succeeded his slain father Abdulah Khan, ceded Kach Gandava to Nadir Shah's settlement, but after a failed foray near Kandahar was summoned by Ahmad Shah Durrani and detained captive until his death, with his brother Nasir Khan deputed to rule in his place.
• Mahmud Khan I — Person · r. 1795 – c. 1816–7 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Eldest son of Nasir Khan I, inheriting the throne at about fourteen, he disputed the government early with Bahram Khan and Haji Khan of the rival Muhabbat Khan line, governed some twenty-five years, and died of a lingering illness, rumoured to have been poisoned by a jealous wife, the mother of his son and successor Mehrab Khan.
• Mehrab Khan — Person · r. 1816–7 – 5 November 1839 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Son of Mahmud Khan I, he succeeded peaceably and later sheltered the fugitive Shah Shuja, but was slain by a British force that stormed and took Kalat on 5 November 1839, an act the British government itself later judged unwarranted.
• Mir Nasir Khan II — Person · r. 1840 – · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Son of Mehrab Khan, he spent his father's last years a hunted fugitive in Panjghur, Nushki and Kharan before Shah Nawaz Khan resigned the masnad of Kalat to him during the 1840 insurrection.
• Shah Nawaz Khan — Person · r. 1839 – 1840 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Son of Ahmed Yar Khan of the rival Muhabbat Khan line, he was installed on the masnad of Kalat by the British after Mehrab Khan's death, but during the 1840 insurrection abdicated by resigning his authority to Mehrab Khan's son.
• Abdulah Khan — Person · r. c. 1715–6 – killed in battle · Sindh & Baluchistan
  An enterprising Brahui chief who harassed and desolated Kach Gandava, he was slain with three hundred of his followers in battle against a Sindian army at Jandrir, leaving sons Mohabat Khan and Nasir Khan.
• Muhammad Mubarak Khan — Person · r. 1749 – 1772 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Muhammad Mubarak Khan succeeded his brother Muhammad Bahawal Khan I, who died without issue, as Nawab of Bahawalpur in 1749.
• Muhammad Bahawal Khan I — Person · r. 1746 – 1749 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Muhammad Bahawal Khan I was elected by the Daudpotra tribe to succeed his father Sadiq Muhammad Khan I, and as Nawab founded the city of Bahawalpur in 1748.
• Muhammad Bahawal Khan II — Person · r. 1772 – 1809 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Muhammad Bahawal Khan II (born J'afar Khan) was elected Nawab of Bahawalpur by the Daudpotra brotherhood in 1772, succeeding his uncle Mubarak Khan ahead of his own father, and reigned until his death in 1809.
• Sadiq Muhammad Khan II — Person · r. 1809 – 1825 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Sadiq Muhammad Khan II (born Abdulla Khan) was proclaimed Nawab of Bahawalpur in 1809 by state officials in place of his elder brother Wahid Bakhsh Khan, whom he then put to death.
• Muhammad Bahawal Khan III — Person · r. 1825 – 1852 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Muhammad Bahawal Khan III, called 'the Generous', succeeded his father Sadiq Muhammad Khan II as Nawab of Bahawalpur in 1825 and reigned until his death in 1852.
• Sadiq Muhammad Khan III — Person · r. 1852 – 1853 (deposed) · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Sadiq Muhammad Khan III (born Sa'adatyar Khan) was designated heir by his father Muhammad Bahawal Khan III and became Nawab of Bahawalpur in 1852, but was deposed by his brother Haji Khan in February 1853.
• Fateh Muhammad Khan — Person · r. 1853 – 1866 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Fateh Muhammad Khan (Sahibzada Haji Khan) deposed his brother Sadiq Muhammad Khan III in February 1853 to become Nawab of Bahawalpur, and died in March 1866.
• Muhammad Jafar Khan — Person · 1866 (usurper, deposed within days) · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Muhammad Jafar Khan, brother of Muhammad Bahawal Khan III, seized the throne of Bahawalpur on the death of Fateh Muhammad Khan in 1866 but was besieged and captured within about nine days.
• Sadiq Muhammad Khan IV — Person · r. 1866 – 1899 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Sadiq Muhammad Khan IV succeeded his father Fateh Muhammad Khan as Nawab of Bahawalpur in 1866 aged four and a half, ruled under British superintendence until his majority in 1879, and reigned until his death in 1899.
• Muhammad Bahawal Khan V — Person · r. 1899 – · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Muhammad Bahawal Khan V succeeded his father Sadiq Muhammad Khan IV as Nawab of Bahawalpur in 1899 aged about fifteen, and was invested with full ruling powers in 1903.
• Sind — the Soomra Dynasty — Dynasty · 1026 – 1351 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  1026 marks the traditional founding of Soomra rule in Sindh; 1351 marks their defeat and replacement by the Samma, though the source notes a continued exile presence at Umerkot until 1440. Imperial Gazetteer (2026-09-22): The Gazetteer's Karachi District history dates Mahmud of Ghazni's invasions that gave rise to Sumra supremacy to 1019-1026 (matching the row's founding year) but has the Samma tribe already settling at Sehwan and then Tatta by 1333, earlier than the row's 1351 end date.
• Súmra — Person · r. 1053 – ? · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Installed on the throne of Sind at Thari in A.H. 445/1053 A.D. after the Soomra tribesmen revolted from Ghaznavid rule; married a local zamindar's daughter and was succeeded by his son Bhungar.
• Dúdá (I) — Person · r. 1069 – 1092 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Succeeded his father Bhúngar; extended Soomra control as far as Nasrpúr and reigned twenty-four years, dying in 485 H/1092 A.D.
• Singhár — Person · r. 1092 – (15 yrs) · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Succeeded his father Dúdá as a minor in 1092; his sister Tári governed as regent until he came of age. Reigned fifteen years per the source's regnal list.
• Colonel L. J. H. Grey — Person · Superintendent of Bahawalpur State during minority, 1899 – 1903 · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Superintendent of Bahawalpur State on behalf of the Punjab Government during Muhammad Bahawal Khan V’s minority, 1899–1903, per the Punjab States Gazetteer.
• Sadiq Muhammad Khan I — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Amir Sadiq Muhammad Khan I, who held Shikarpur and the Chaudhari iláqa granted by Nadir Shah, was killed on 10 Rabi-ul-Awwal 1159 H (1746 A.D.) defending Shikarpur against Khudayar Khan Kalhora's siege; his son Muhammad Bahawal Khan I was elected to succeed him that same year.
• Bhúngar (I) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Succeeded his father Súmra on the Soomra throne of Sind; reigned fifteen years and died in 461 H/1069 A.D., leaving the throne to his son Dúdá.
• Khafíf (I) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Singhár, per the Tuhfatu-l-Kiram's regnal-years list; reigned thirty-six years. Genealogical relation to his predecessor is not stated on the page.
• 'Umar (I) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Khafíf (I), per the regnal-years list; reigned forty years. Relation to predecessor not stated.
• Dúdá (II) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following 'Umar (I), per the regnal-years list; reigned fourteen years. Relation to predecessor not stated.
• Phátú — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Dúdá (II), per the regnal-years list; reigned thirty-three years. A separate, shorter account on the same page independently names a rebel 'Dádu Phátú, a descendant of Dúdá' in this same period — the two are not confirmed to be the same person.
• Genhra (I) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Phátú, per the regnal-years list; reigned sixteen years.
• Muhammad Túr — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Genhra (I), per the regnal-years list; reigned fifteen years. Shares his name with the Soomra capital, Muhammad Tur.
• Genhra (II) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Muhammad Túr, per the regnal-years list, reigning an unstated number of years. Elliot's editorial footnote notes this name is 'found only in the best of the two MSS.'
• Dúdá (III) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Genhra (II), per the regnal-years list; reigned fourteen years. Elliot's footnote notes this name is 'found only in the best of the two MSS.'
• Táí — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Dúdá (III), per the regnal-years list; reigned twenty-four years. Elliot's footnote notes this name is 'found only in the best of the two MSS.'
• Chanesar — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Táí, per the regnal-years list; reigned eighteen years.
• Bhúngar (II) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Chanesar, per the regnal-years list; reigned fifteen years.
• Khafíf (II) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Bhúngar (II), per the regnal-years list; reigned eighteen years.
• Dúdá (IV) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Khafíf (II), per the regnal-years list; reigned twenty-five years.
• 'Umar Súmra (II) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following Dúdá (IV), per the regnal-years list; reigned thirty-five years. The source states an 'Umar Súmra gave his name to the fort of 'Umarkot, though it does not make clear whether this later 'Umar or the earlier one (forty years) is meant.
• Bhúngar (III) — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Ruler in the Soomra succession following 'Umar Súmra (II), per the regnal-years list; reigned ten years.
• Hamír — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Last ruler of the Soomra dynasty of Sind, succeeding Bhúngar (III); a tyrant, overthrown by the Samma tribe, ending Soomra rule.
• Tárí — Person · reign undated in the sources read · Sindh & Baluchistan
  Daughter of Dúdá; held the Soomra government of Sind as regent during her young brother Singhár's minority, then handed it to him on his majority.