Everything on Punjab & Northwest

Regional Divisions

29 items

• Multan — the Langah Sultanate — Dynasty · 1445 – 1530 · Punjab & Northwest
  1445 marks Rai Sahra's seizure of Multan and self-proclamation as sultan; the sultanate was annexed by the Mughals in 1527 but note the source gives 1530 as when autonomous authority actually ended via merger with the Mughal Empire.
• Sind — the Samma Jams — Dynasty · 1351 – 1524 · Punjab & Northwest
  1351 marks Unar bin Babinah's defeat of the last Soomra emir and declaration of independence from the Delhi Sultanate; 1524 marks replacement by the Arghun dynasty.
• Sind — the Arghūns and Tarkhāns — Dynasty · 1520 – 1591 · Punjab & Northwest
  Dates mark Shah Beg Arghun's assumption of rule over Upper and then all of Sind (926/1520) to the Mughal conquest of Lower Sind under the Tarkhans (999/1591).
• Shaikh Yusuf Qureshi — Person · r. 1443 – 1445 · Punjab & Northwest
  Elected by the notables of Multan as governor of Multan and Uch in 847 AH / 1443 AD; seized and expelled to Delhi about two years later by his own father-in-law, Ray Sahra, who usurped the throne.
• Qutbuddin Rai Sahra Langah — Person · r. 1445 – 1469 · Punjab & Northwest
  An Afghan chief of the Langah tribe who, as father-in-law of Shaikh Yusuf Qureshi, seized him by treachery and usurped the throne under the title Qutb-ud-din Mahmud Langah, reigning sixteen years until his death in 874 AH / 1469 AD.
• Husain Shah Langah I — Person · r. 1469 – 1502 · Punjab & Northwest
  Elected by the principal nobles of Multan on his father Qutbuddin's death in 1469; abdicated in favour of his son Firuz, was restored after Firuz was poisoned, and died on the throne in 908 AH / 1502 AD.
• Mahmud Shah Langah — Person · r. 1502 – 1524 · Punjab & Northwest
  Installed as heir-apparent the day after Husain Shah Langah I's death by the minister Jam Bayezeed and the nobles; died of colic in 931 AH / 1524 AD after a 27-year reign marked by civil war with his own minister.
• Husain Shah Langah II — Person · r. 1524 – 1525 · Punjab & Northwest
  Raised to the throne as a minor by the amirs on his father Mahmud's death, a figurehead controlled by his brother-in-law and vizier Shuja-ul-Mulk, until Multan fell by escalade to Shah Husain Arghun in 1525 and the dynasty ended.
• Jam Afra — Person · r. 1339 – c.1343 (A.H. 740; reign given as 3y 6m) · Punjab & Northwest
  First ruler of the Samma (Ferishta's 'Soomuna') house of Sind named by Briggs's Ferishta, founding the line the chiefs of the Sind tribes would hold for over a century and a half; he died a natural death after three and a half years.
• Jam Choban — Person · r. 1353 – c.1367 (A.H. 754; reign given as 14 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Nominated by Jam Afra to succeed him, and reigned, in Briggs's words, 'peaceably' for fourteen years before his death opened the succession to his nephew Jam Bany.
• Jam Bany — Person · r. [date not printed] – 1367 (reign given as 15 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Jam Afra, who asserted and made good his claim to succeed his uncle Jam Choban, defied Delhi's tribute, was captured and pardoned by Firuz Tughluq, and was restored to his government before dying after a fifteen-year reign.
• Jam Timmajy — Person · r. 1367 – 1380 (A.H. 769; reign given as 13 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Brother of Jam Bany, who succeeded him on his death and reigned peaceably for thirteen years before dying.
• Jam Salah-ud-Din I — Person · r. 1391 – c.1402 (A.H. 793; reign given as 11 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Succeeded Jam Timmajy — Briggs does not state the kinship — and reigned eleven years before his death brought his son Nizam-ud-Din to the throne.
• Jam Nizam-ud-Din I — Person · r. 1393 – c.1396 (A.H. 796; reign given as 2–3 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Jam Salah-ud-Din I, who succeeded his father and died after a short reign of two or three years, succeeded by his own son Ali Sher.
• Jam Ali Sher — Person · r. [date not printed] – 1409 (A.H. 812; reign given as 6 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Jam Nizam-ud-Din I, praised by Ferishta for a government 'more respectable than any of his predecessors,' who died after six years universally lamented.
• Jam Giran — Person · r. 1409 (two days) · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Jam Timmajy, who succeeded Jam Ali Sher but was, in Briggs's phrase, 'deprived of his dignities on the second day of his accession,' ending the line the chiefs had been electing among.
• Jam Fath Khan — Person · r. 1423 – c.1438 (A.H. 827; reign given as 15 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Iskundur Khan, elected by a consultation of the Sind tribal chiefs after Jam Giran's fall, and ruled fifteen years before his death.
• Jam Tughluq — Person · r. c.1438 – 1450 (A.H. 854; reign given as 27 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Younger brother of Jam Fath Khan, 'universally beloved,' who opened ties with independent Gujarat and died after a twenty-seven-year reign.
• Jam Mubarak — Person · r. 1450 (three days) · Punjab & Northwest
  Kinsman of Jam Tughluq who succeeded him but was deposed by the tribal chiefs after only three days on the throne.
• Jam Sikandar — Person · r. c.1450 – 1452 (A.H. 856; reign given as 18 months) · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Jam Fath Khan, placed on the throne by the tribal chiefs when they deposed Jam Mubarak, and died eighteen months after his elevation.
• Jam Sanjar — Person · r. 1452 – 1460 (A.H. 864; reign given as 8 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  A descendant of the earlier Sind kings, elected ruler by the people for his descent and personal virtues, and reigned with justice for eight years.
• Jam Nizam-ud-Din II (Nanda) — Person · r. 1460 – 1492 (A.H. 864; reign given as 32 years) · Punjab & Northwest
  Succeeded Jam Sanjar with no kinship stated, fought a long and mostly unsuccessful war to hold Sewly and Bhukkur against the Arghuns of Kandahar, and, in Ferishta's telling, died of a broken heart after thirty-two years.
• Jam Firuz — Person · r. 1492 – 1519; restored 1519 – 1520 · Punjab & Northwest
  Son of Jam Nizam-ud-Din II (Nanda), expelled once by the pretender Jam Salah-ud-Din II with Gujarat's help, restored when Shah Beg Arghoon's forces killed the usurper at Sehwan, and finally lost Sind when Shah Beg himself conquered the country in 1520, ending the dynasty.
• Jam Salah-ud-Din II — Person · r. 1519 · Punjab & Northwest
  A distant relative of Jam Firuz who, backed by Gujarat, expelled him and occupied Sind, then fell in battle near Sehwan against Shah Beg Arghoon's forces sent to restore Firuz.
• Shah Beg Arghun — Person · r. 1520 – 1524 (d. 1523) · Punjab & Northwest
  Founded the Arghun dynasty in Sind by conquering the country from Jam Feroze's Sammah kingdom in A.H. 927/A.D. 1520, and died two years after the conquest, in A.H. 930/A.D. 1523.
• Shah Hasan Arghun — Person · r. 1524 – 1554 · Punjab & Northwest
  Succeeded his father Shah Beg Arghun as ruler of Sind and completed the subjugation of the province, reigning thirty-two years until his death in A.H. 962/A.D. 1554.
• Mirza Isa Tarkhan — Person · r. 1554 – 1567 · Punjab & Northwest
  On Shah Hasan Arghun's death took the title of king in Tutta as a rival to Mahmud of Bhakkar, founding the Tarkhan line in Sind, and died after a thirteen-year reign in A.H. 975.
• Mirza Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan — Person · r. 1567 – 1584 · Punjab & Northwest
  Prevailed over his brother Khan Baba in the contest that followed their father Mirza Isa Tarkhan's death, ruled Sind for eighteen years acknowledging Mughal overlordship, and died in A.H. 993/A.D. 1584.
• Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan — Person · r. 1584 – 1591 · Punjab & Northwest
  Succeeded his grandfather Mirza Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan, resisted a Mughal invasion under Mirza Khan before submitting to Akbar, after which Sind was absorbed into the Delhi empire.